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Emotional, Behavioral, and Mental Health Challenges in Children and Adolescents
Knowledge Path

Introduction

This knowledge path has been compiled by the Maternal and Child Health Library at Georgetown University. It offers a selection of current, high-quality resources about children and adolescents with emotional, behavioral, and mental health challenges. Resources tap into the health, education, social services, and juvenile justice literature. The path identifies tools for staying abreast of new developments in mental health care and for conducting further research. Separate sections present resources for families and schools. The final part of the knowledge path presents resources about specific emotional, behavioral, and mental health challenges. The knowledge path is aimed at health professionals, program administrators, policymakers, educators, and families, and it will be updated periodically.

Related knowledge paths: Social and Emotional Development in Children and Adolescents and the Community Services Locator: An Online Directory for Finding Community Services for Children and Families. For resources about the general care and development of children and adolescents with special health care needs, including those with chronic illnesses, physical disabilities, or emotional, behavioral, and mental health challenges, see the knowledge path, Children and adolescents with special health care needs.

Overview

See Bright Futures in practice: Mental health (2002). This guide contains mental-health-promotion and substance-use-prevention guidelines for infants, children, and adolescents. The guide includes a section about emotional, behavioral, and mental health challenges encountered in primarily care practice. The second section of this knowledge path, Resources on Specific Emotional, Behavioral, and Mental Health Challenges, follows the topics covered in the Bright Futures guide with the addition of resources about juvenile justice, schizophrenia, suicide, and Tourette Syndrome.

Resources for Professionals

Web Sites: A-Z

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Contains data and information from the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), National Guideline Clearinghouse and the National Quality Measures Clearinghouse along with research findings about mental health and children and adolescents. AHRQ is the health services research arm of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Resources and initiatives include

  Child Health Toolbox: Measuring Performance in Child Health Programs Access, Quality, and Health Service Delivery. Contains tips and tools to help state and local policymakers and program administrators evaluate Medicaid, the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), Title V, and other health programs for children and adolescents that include mental health services.

• American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP). Contains information about research, legislative activities, and meetings pertaining to child and adolescent mental health; policy statements; clinical practice guidelines; and a directory of child and adolescent psychiatrists.
  
  
• American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Mental Health. Contains program information, meeting materials, policy statements, journal articles, grant project information, a newsletter, and other resources for health professionals about mental health and children and adolescents. A separate section presents resources about behavioral health in children and adolescents. Publications include

  Classification of child and adolescent mental diagnoses in primary care: Diagnostic and statistical manual for primary care (DSM-PC) child and adolescent version. (1996).

  Maltreatment of children with disabilities. (2007).

  Strategies for system change in children's mental health: A chapter action kit. (2007).

• American Institutes for Research (AIR). Describes its services for programs that offer help to children and adolescents with emotional and behavioral challenges and their families. AIR administers a number of projects about child and adolescent mental health for the U.S. Departments of Education, Health and Human Services, and Justice, including

  Center for Effective Collaboration and Practice (CECP). Provides a series of monographs, articles, and research briefs for health and education professionals about what is working for children and adolescents with serious emotional challenges in systems of care.

  Technical Assistance Partnership for Child and Family Mental Health. Contains program and conference information, reports, an electronic newsletter, and other resources to support local communities in their efforts to successfully develop and implement systems of care. Recent publications include

  • Juvenile justice and mental health: Working together for the best outcomes for youth with serious emotional disorders. (2006).
    
    
  • Taking charge: An introductory guide to choosing the most effective services for the mental, behavioral, and emotional health of youth within a system of care. (2006).
    
    
• American Psychological Association (APA). Contains news, articles, brochures, and information about publications and programs on a wide range of mental health issues affecting children and families. APA Books offers several publications about children and adolescents with emotional, behavioral, and mental health challenges.
  
  
• Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law. Provides legislative news, fact sheets, and reports about children's mental health. Topics include health insurance and financing, health care systems, child welfare, education, and juvenile justice. The center works to advance and preserve the rights of people with mental health challenges and developmental disabilities. Recent publications are

  Checklist for advocates of school-wide positive behavior support integrated with mental health. (2006).

  Checklist for local advocates of school wide positive behavior support with mental health. (2006).

  Moving on: Federal programs to assist transition-age youth with serious mental health conditions. (2005). This collection of fact sheets provides information about 57 federal programs that address the wide range of needs of adolescents with serious mental health challenges who are transitioning into adulthood.

  Way to go: School success for children with mental health care needs. (2006).

• Bright Futures at Georgetown University. Contains guidelines, distance-education resources, and training tools for a practical developmental approach to providing health supervision for infants, children, and adolescents, including those with special health care needs. Topics include general health and development, mental health, nutrition, oral health, and physical activity. Some materials are available in Spanish. Bright Futures is funded by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB). Materials include

  Bright Futures in practice: Mental health. (2002). This guide contains mental-health-promotion and substance-use-prevention guidelines for infants, children, and adolescents. It is designed to inform primary care pediatric health professionals about the essentials of mental health promotion; to identify the support that infants, children, and adolescents need for good mental health; and to assist in the development and implementation of mental-health-promotion programs and policies. A companion volume provides tools to assist in mental health screening, education, and health care management.

  What to expect and when to seek help: Bright Futures developmental tools for families and providers (2006). A companion referral tool helps professionals identify resources in their own communities. These tools are available in English and Spanish.

• Center for Evidence-Based Practice: Young Children with Challenging Behavior. Offers fact sheets, policy briefs, research syntheses, and teaching and training tools for early childhood professionals on evidence-based recommendations for positive behavior support. The center is funded by the Department of Education to promote the use of evidence-based practice to meet the needs of young children who have, or are at risk for, problem behavior. Recent publications include

  Promoting social, emotional and behavioral outcomes of young children served under IDEA. (2007).

• Center for Health Care Strategies (CHCS). Contains program information and publications about improving the quality of publicly financed health care relating to behavioral health. CHCS is a nonprofit policy resource center that promotes high-quality health care services for low-income populations and people with chronic illnesses and disabilities. Recent initiatives and publications about child and adolescent mental health include

  Improving Outcomes for Children Involved in Child Welfare. Offers information about this national collaborative with 11 managed care organizations to improve the delivery of physical and mental health care for children and adolescents in child welfare.

  Public financing of home and community services for children and youth with serious emotional disturbances. (2006).

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Mental Health Work Group. Offers an electronic guide to CDC's public health information on mental health from across CDC's many agencies. Includes links to CDC data reports and other publications about mental health, links to mental health organizations by state, and links to surveys and instruments used in research studies to measure mental health domains. Recent publications include

  Mental health in the United States: Health care and well being of children with chronic emotional, behavioral, or developmental problems -- United States, 2001. (2005).

  Role of public health in mental health promotion. (2005).

  Also see CDC's Data2010, the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), Healthy Youth!, CDC's Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) resource, and the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.

• Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics Online (dbpeds.org). Contains resources for health professionals to promote better care and outcomes for children, adolescents, and families affected by developmental, learning, and behavioral problems. Includes forms, checklists, and other screening tools; online tutorials; an electronic discussion group; and articles to support improvement in developmental and behavioral screening, surveillance, and identification of disabilities. dbpeds.org is affiliated with AAP's Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics.
  
  
• Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Drug Information Pathfinder. Links to a wealth of information about specific medications, ensuring safe use of medicine, drug approvals, clinical trials, and more.
  
  
• Georgetown University Center for Child and Human Development (GUCCHD). Offers program, conference, and training information; publications; and other resources to improve the quality of life for all children and adolescents, especially those with special health care needs or at risk for poor outcomes. GUCCHD is a division of Georgetown University's Department of Pediatrics. Resources and initiatives about mental health include

  National Center for Cultural Competence (NCCC). Contains resources and tools to increase the capacity of health and mental health programs to design, implement, and evaluate culturally and linguistically competent service delivery systems. Materials are available in Spanish.

  National Technical Assistance Center for Children's Mental Health. Offers program and conference information and other resources about reforming services and building systems of care for children and adolescents who have, or are at risk for, mental health challenges and their families. Publications include

  • Best beginning: Partnerships between primary health care and mental health and substance abuse services for young children and their families. (2005).
    
    
  • National TA Conference Calls. This monthly series covers important and emerging trends in the mental health field. Presentations from experts are followed by open discussion. Includes descriptions of upcoming calls as well as an archive of previous calls and presentation materials.
    
    
  • Also see the Center's electronic newsletter, Data Matters.
    
    
• Healthy People 2010. Offers information about this national health-promotion and disease-prevention initiative. Focus area 18 addresses mental health and mental health challenges. The initiative is coordinated by the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP). See Data2010 for data about the Healthy People 2010 mental health objectives. See the HP2010 Information Access Project for access to published literature related to the Healthy People 2010 objectives about mental health and mental health challenges. Also view proposed Healthy People 2020 objectives for mental health and mental disorders.
  
  
• MCH Training Program: Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics. Offers information about these programs working to prepare health professionals to develop or improve the behavioral, psychosocial, and developmental aspects of general pediatric care. The training program is part of the Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB).
  
  
• National Association of Mental Health Planning and Advisory Councils (NAMHPAC). Provides resources for state and territory mental health planning councils to help them function more effectively. Also presents brochures, toolkits, and position statements about key mental health issues, including evidence-based practices in the mental health system. NAMHPAC is an association of advocates, parents, and consumers involved with state mental health planning across the country.
  
  
• National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors (NASMHPD). Offers information about its technical assistance programs, publications, data, and other resources that focus on state mental health services, including programs for children, adolescents, and families.
  
  
• National Center for Children in Poverty (NCCP). Offers program information and publications about children's mental health. Located at the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, NCCP works to identify and promote strategies that prevent child poverty and improve the lives of children and families with low incomes in the United States. Recent publications include

  Challenges and opportunities in children's mental health: A view from families and youth. (2006).

  Child and youth emergency mental health care: A national problem. (2007).

  Facts about trauma for policymakers: Children's mental health. (2007).

  Strengthening policies to support children, youth, and families who experience trauma. (2007).

• National Children's Study. Contains information about this study to examine the effects of environmental influences on the health and development of more than 100,000 children and adolescents across the United States, following them from before birth until age 21. As part of the study, the Development and Behavior Working Group will evaluate environmental factors that are associated with development and behavior. The National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD) and a consortium of federal agencies are conducting the study.
  
  
• National Coalition for Health Professional Education in Genetics (NCHPEG). Includes an online education programs about genetics and mental illness. NCHPEG promotes health professional education and access to information about advances in human genetics.
  
  
• National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Contains resources for health and education professionals about the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Resources include news about clinical trials and multi-center collaborations as well as sections devoted to medications and to specific mental disorders.
  
  
• National Mental Health Information Center. Offers an abundance of resources about child and adolescent mental health, including publications and program information that are aimed at health professionals, educators, and policymakers. Topics range from specific emotional, behavioral, and mental health challenges to mental health systems of care. Also offers a mental health services locator and hotline information. The center is a service of the Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), which leads federal efforts to treat mental health challenges by promoting mental health and by preventing or minimizing mental illness when possible. CMHS is part of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Initiatives and publications include

  American Indian/Alaska Native Circles of Care. Describes this grant program designed to support tribal governments and urban Indian programs in their efforts to design and assess culturally appropriate mental health service models for American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) children with serious emotional, behavioral, and mental health challenges and their families. Lists funded communities.

  Caring for Every Child's Mental Health. Presents this communications campaign that aims to help families, educators, and health professionals recognize mental health challenges and seek or recommend appropriate services. It also strives to reduce the stigma associated with mental health challenges. Includes an order form for a collection of materials about child and adolescent mental health.

  Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Substance Abuse State Infrastructure Grants. Describes this program to strengthen the capacity of states, territories, and Native American tribal governments to develop and sustain substance abuse and mental health services including early intervention, treatment, and/or continuing services and supports at the local level for children, adolescents, and young adults with serious emotional, behavioral, and mental health challenges and their families. Lists grantees by state.

  Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services Program for Children and Their Families. Describes this program to promote more effective ways to organize, coordinate, and deliver mental health services and supports for children, adolescents, and their families. Presents a series of monographs on promising practices in children's mental health services that have potential for replication across the country. Other recent publications include

  • Annual report to Congress 2002-2003. (2007).

  Mental health, United States. This biennial report presents statistics on all aspects of mental health care in the United States to help guide program and policy direction and identify a course toward system transformation in mental health care.

  Partnership for Youth in Transition. Describes this grant program to plan, design, and implement youth transition programs for adolescents with serious emotional disorders and their families. Lists grantees by state. Publications include

  • On the move: Helping young adults with serious mental health needs transition into adulthood. (2007).

  Statewide Family Networks. Describes this grant program designed to increase the capacity of statewide family network grantees to participate in the development of policies, programs, and quality assurance activities related to the mental health of children and adolescents with serious emotional disorders and their families. Lists grantees by state.

• Promising Practices Network (PPN) on Children, Families, and Communities. Offers a wealth of evidence-based information about what works to improve the lives of children, adolescents, and families. Features descriptions of evaluated programs that improve outcomes for children and adolescents. Topic areas include behavior problems and mental health. Also offers a collection of summaries from the research literature about evidence-based programs on topics that include mental health and substance abuse. In addition, PPN contains information about and links to resources on forming, funding, and maintaining community partnerships and collaborations; service integration; program implementation; evaluating the process and monitoring outcomes; and results-based decision-making. Partner Pages link to collections of research and information on specific priority areas regarding children, adolescents, families, and communities that include mental health. Most of the pages focus on a particular state. PPN is a service of the RAND Corporation.
  
  
• Research and Training Center for Children's Mental Health. Provides research articles, data summaries, conference presentations, an organizations directory, and program information about improving services and outcomes for children and adolescents with serious emotional or behavioral challenges and their families. The center is part of the Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute at the University of South Florida. In addition to a series of issue briefs and technical reports containing summaries of lessons learned from established system-of-care communities, recent publications include

  Assumptions, indicators and descriptors for the Family Voice Study: Assessing the role of family organizations in developing family voice in systems of care. (2006).

  Examining the research base supporting culturally competent children's mental health services. (2006).

  Family driven care: Are we there yet? A road map for system transformation for family members, educators, and mental health professionals. (2007).

  Organizational cultural competence: A review of assessment protocols. (2006).

  Quick guide for self-assessment of family-run organizations in systems of care. (2007).

• Research and Training Center on Family Support and Children's Mental Health (RTC). Contains program information, reports, and electronic news services about community integration for children and adolescents with emotional and behavioral challenges and their families and about strengthening family participation in child and adolescent mental health services. Located at Portland State University, RTC is dedicated to promoting effective services for families and their children with emotional, behavioral, or mental health challenges. Recent publications include

  Employed parents of children with mental health disorders: Achieving work-family fit, flexibility, and role quality. (2007).

  Wraparound: Key information, evidence, and endorsements. (2007).

• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Contains program and funding information about improving mental health services for children, adolescents, and their families. Also offers electronic news services. SAMHSA focuses on building resilience and facilitating recovery for people with or at risk for mental health or substance use disorders. Recent publications and initiatives include

  From exclusion to belonging: Transforming mental health care in America. (2006).

  Reducing substance abuse in America: Building the nation's demand reduction infrastructure. A framework for discussion. (2006).

  Systems of Care. Offers program information and resources about promoting a coordinated network of community-based services and supports that are organized to meet the challenges of children and youth with serious mental health needs and their families.

  Note: Many of SAMHSA's publications and initiatives about child and adolescent mental health are disseminated via the National Mental Health Information Center.

• Zero to Three. Provides a wealth of research-based resources to promote early childhood mental health by supporting and strengthening families, communities, and those who work on behalf of children from birth to age 3. Recent publications include

  Building system capacity: Improving infant and early childhood mental health in Philadelphia. (2006).

  
  

Additional Electronic Publications

• Anda R. 2006. Health and social impact of growing up with alcohol abuse and related adverse childhood experiences: The human and economic costs of the status quo. Rockville, MD: National Association for Children of Alcoholics (NACOA). This paper presents findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study, a decade-long, ongoing study designed to examine the childhood origins of many health and social problems. The paper describes the study design and discusses the interrelatedness of ACEs. Types of ACEs discussed include abuse, neglect, household dysfunction, and domestic violence. The relationship of ACE scores to alcohol consumption, risk factors for HIV and AIDS, smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; depression and suicide attempts; worker performance; and health care costs are examined.
  
  
• Center for Best Practices. 2005. Funding for children's mental health services: Making the most of Medicaid. Washington, DC: National Governors Association (NGA). This issue brief describes the cost to society of unmet mental health needs and outlines the Medicaid options available to states to expand treatment capacity for children with mental health challenges.
  
  
• Children's Law Center of Los Angeles (CLC). 2007. Making reform real: Addressing the mental health needs of children in the dependency system. Monterey Park, CA: Children's Law Center of Los Angeles (CLC). This report summarizes the discussion and recommendations of the 2006 Foster Youth Mental Health Summit, which brought together mental health professionals, social workers, foster parents, relative caregivers, advocates, community leaders, and children and adolescents to identify and develop concrete, workable solutions pertaining to the provision of mental health services to foster children in Los Angeles County.
  
  
• Hess C. 2007. Building better systems for child and adolescent mental health. Portland, ME: National Academy for State Health Policy (NASHP). This paper summarizes the results of a meeting convened as a means of engaging state, federal, professional, and consumer experts from the child mental health and maternal and child health fields in a conversation about how to develop stronger collaborative approaches to improve systems for child and adolescent mental health.
  
  
• Institute of Medicine (IOM). 2006. Improving the quality of health care for mental and substance-use conditions. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. This book examines the distinctive characteristics of health care for mental health and substance-use disorders, including payment, benefit coverage, and regulatory issues, as well as health care organization and delivery issues.
  
  
• Melnyk BM, Moldenhauer Z, eds. 2006. KySS (Keep Your Children/Yourself Safe and Secure) guide to child and adolescent mental health screening, early intervention, and health promotion. Cherry Hill, NJ: National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (NAPNAP). This guide for pediatric health professionals focuses on mental health screening and early intervention and mental health promotion for children and adolescents. Chapters cover assessing and screening for common mental health problems; diagnosing, managing, and preventing mental health disorders; anxiety disorders; attention deficit hyperactivity disorders; eating disorders; grief and loss; mood disorders; marital separation and divorce; maltreatment; sexuality; substance abuse; violence; reimbursement; and brief interventions. Screening tools, Web-based resources, and educational handouts for parents as well as school-age children and adolescents are also included.
  
  
• Office of the Surgeon General. 1999. Mental health: A report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). This report reflects an extensive review of scientific literature on mental health, as well as consultations with mental health professionals and consumers. A chapter is devoted to child and adolescent mental health, and it examines normal development, risk factors and prevention, mental health challenges, and health service delivery.
  
  
• Office of the Surgeon General. 2001. Mental health: Culture, race, ethnicity. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). This supplement to Mental health: A report of the Surgeon General (1999) discusses the barriers to services that are encountered by persons of certain social and cultural groups.
  
  
• Office of the Surgeon General. 2000. Report of the Surgeon General's Conference on Children's Mental Health: A national action agenda. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). This report introduces a blueprint for addressing children's mental health needs in the United States.
  
  
• Podmostko M. 2007. Tunnels and cliffs: A guide for workforce development practitioners and policymakers serving youth with mental health needs. Washington, DC: National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability for Youth. This guide is designed to help workforce development practitioners, administrators, and policy makers enhance their understanding of adolescents with mental health needs and the supports necessary to help them transition into the work force successfully.
  
  
• President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. 2003. Achieving the promise: Transforming mental health care in America -- Final report. Washington, DC: President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. This report describes the problems and gaps in the mental health system and makes recommendations for immediate improvements that the federal government, state governments, local agencies, and public and private health professionals can implement. The report describes several model programs.
  
  
• President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. 2003. Major federal programs supporting and financing mental health care. Washington, DC: President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. This document outlines federal support for mental health care. Each program description includes the responsible agency, what is provided, eligibility criteria, the application process, the method of payment, and Web site address for further information.
  
  
• Saldana D. 2006. Assessing mental health needs in local communities: A primer in research methods to assess community needs and develop local planning strategies. Austin, TX: Hogg Foundation for Mental Health. This manual outlines a planning process for local community mental health services development. It is designed for service agencies, civic planners, and community organizations that are interested in using a research-based model that may be especially appropriate for rural or underserved areas.
  
  
• Shalwitz J, Sang T, Combs N, Davis K, Bushman D, Payne B. 2007. Behavioral health: An adolescent provider toolkit. San Francisco, CA: Adolescent Health Working Group, San Francisco. This toolkit for health professionals focuses on adolescent mental health and substance use and includes screening and assessment tools, evaluation and treatment algorithms, brief office interventions and counseling guidelines, behavioral health information and worksheets for health professionals, and health education materials.
  
  
• Van Landeghem K, Hess CA. 2005. Children's mental health: An overview and key considerations for health system stakeholders. Washington, DC: National Institute for Health Care Management Foundation. This issue paper presents (1) an overview of important considerations for health system efforts to promote and improve the mental health of children and adolescents and (2) key policy considerations for promoting and advancing comprehensive mental health systems for children and adolescents.
  
  
• World Health Organization (WHO). 2005. Atlas: Child and adolescent mental health resources. Global concerns: Implications for the future. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. This report presents a compilation of information about country resources for mental health program development including policy availability, professional resources, and mechanisms for financing services to help governments and other interested parties support the development of child and adolescent mental health services.
  

  
  

Databases

The databases listed below are excellent tools for identifying data, additional literature and research, and programs about children and adolescents with emotional, behavioral, and mental health challenges. Many of the entries below contain tips on how to use the databases efficiently. Please note that databases vary in how terms should be entered; for example, some require quotation marks and others don't. Enter search phrases as shown in bold below.

Data

• Childstats.gov. Presents statistics and reports about children and families, including population and family characteristics, economic security, health, behavior, and social environment, and education. Includes statistics about children with emotional or behavioral difficulties. ChildStats.gov is a service of the Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics. The Forum's annual report, America's children in brief: Key national indicators of well-being, details the status of children and families in the United States.
  
  
• Child Trends DataBank. Contains data briefs about children and adolescents with emotional, behavioral, and mental health challenges on topics that include depression, suicide, substance use, learning disabilities, and ADHD. The DataBank also contains information about the types of programs and interventions that may influence particular outcomes for children and adolescents. Child Trends is a nonprofit, nonpartisan research organization providing research and data to inform decision-making that affects children and adolescents. Child Trends also offers a series of research briefs for professionals about mental health issues and outcome measures. Recent briefs include

  Assessing the mental health of adolescents: A guide for out-of-school time program practitioners. (2007).

  Assessing substance use and abuse among adolescents: A guide for out-of-school time program practitioners. (2007).

• Data2010: The Healthy People 2010 Database. Contains the most recent monitoring data for tracking Healthy People 2010. To obtain data on the topic, click on the field, Data by Focus Area. Under the field, Select a Focus Area, choose 18 - Mental Health and Mental Disorders from the pop-up menu. Next, click on the button for Include Related Objectives From Other Focus Areas in the Table. Click on the Submit button. This data set is provided by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) via CDC Wonder.
  
  
• Data Resource Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DRC). Provides access to and use of data from the National Survey of Children's Health, 2003, and the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs, 2001. Users can search and compare results on over 100 indicators of child health and well-being; view state and regional profiles on key measures; explore survey content relevant to Healthy People 2010 objectives; and compare findings at all levels for children by age, race and ethnicity, income, or health status. Social and emotional challenges and mental health care are among the health indicators addressed. DRC is a project of the Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative (CAHMI).
  
  
• Kids' Inpatient Database (KID). Contains data from 2 to 3 million hospital discharges of children and adolescents in the United States that researchers, policymakers, and others can use to identify, track, and analyze national trends in children's health care utilization, access, charges, quality, and outcomes. KID provides data on children and adolescents hospitalized with mental health needs. KID may be purchased for $200 for each year produced. For general descriptive statistics on mental health admissions in KID, access

  HCUPnet. Provides access to health statistics and information on hospital stays at the national, regional, and state levels. To identify data about mental health admissions in KID, select National and Regional Statistics on Children Only from KID. Select Researcher, medical professional. Under type of query, select Statistics on specific diagnosis or procedures. Select a year (e.g., 2003). Select Diagnoses grouped by Clinical Classifications Software (CCS). Select Principal diagnosis. Under the field, Browse all CCS categories, scroll to 5 Mental Disorders. Highlight the category of interest (e.g., Alcohol-related mental disorders). Hold the control key down and click to make multiple selections. Click on Next. Select the outcomes and measures of interest (e.g., Number of discharges) and click on Next. Select patient and hospital characteristics (e.g., All patients in all hospitals) and click on Next. View your results. HCUPnet is part of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).

• Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Contains data on the specific health services that Americans use, how frequently they use them, the cost of these services, and how they are paid for, as well as data on the cost, scope, and breadth of private health insurance held by and available to the U.S. population. Data are collected about mental health. MEPS is sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Analyses include

  Antidepressant use in the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population, 2002. (2005).

• National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors Research Institute (NRI). Provides data and reports on various aspects of state mental health system financing, staffing, clinical services, and interactions with other public service systems. Also includes sources of information on the adoption and implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs), including EBPs for children and adolescents. Select Search Mental Health Data and Topics to access NRI's major databases on state mental health systems and to search the NRI site for information on a specific topic (e.g., children). Recent reports include

  Matrix of children's evidence-based interventions. (2006).

• National Quality Measures Clearinghouse™ (NQMC). Contains evidence-based health-care-quality measures and measure sets for physicians, hospitals, and health plans to evaluate and improve the quality of health care for consumers. Identify measures about children and adolescents with emotional, behavioral, and mental health challenges by entering mental disorders in the Disease/Condition field of the detailed search form. Scroll down on the search form to select Age Range (e.g., Adolescent). Hold down the control key (ctrl) or Apple command key and click your mouse to make multiple selections. Click on Search to get your results. For measures about specific mental health needs, type the name of the disorder (e.g., depression) in the Disease/Condition field of the detailed search form and scroll down to select Age Range. The database is sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).
  
  
• Title V Information System (TVIS). Contains data from annual Title V Block Grant applications and reports submitted by all 59 U.S. states and jurisdictions. To learn about states' efforts to address mental health in children and adolescents, conduct two searches. Select Measurement and Indicator Data and go to the State Data section. Select State Priority Needs Keyword Search and choose Keyword: Mental Health and Population: Children (1 through 21). Click on Start Search to get your results. Go back to the TVIS home page and select Measurement and Indicator Data. Under State Data, select State Performance Measures and click on Search by Keyword/Population. Select Keyword: Mental Health and Population: Children (1 through 21). Click on Start Search to get your results. Title V IS is a service of the Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB).
  
  
• Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS): Youth Online. Provides comprehensive results from the YRBSS that can be viewed by location (United States, state/territory, or local) and health topic. The YRBSS monitors priority health-risk behaviors that contribute markedly to the leading causes of death, disability, and social problems among adolescents and adults in the United States. These behaviors, often established during childhood and early adolescence, include those that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual behaviors, dietary behaviors, and inadequate physical activity. Youth Online is a service of CDC's Division of Adolescent and School Health (DASH).
  
  
• Also see the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI), the National Violent Death Reporting System, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive (SAMHDA), the report, Mental health, United States (1983- ), the report, School mental health services in the United States, 2002-2003 (2005), and the fact sheet, Suicide: Adolescents and young adults (2006).
  

Literature and Research Databases

• ClinicalTrials.gov. Provides access to information about clinical research studies for a wide range of diseases and conditions, including those affecting the mental health of children and adolescents. Included are a summary of the purpose of the study, recruiting status, criteria for patient participation, location of the trial, and contact information. To identify mental-health-related studies, select Search within Specific Fields: Focused Search. Enter a disease or condition (e.g., depression) in the first field. Scroll to Age Group and select Child (birth-17). Click on Search to get your results. ClinicalTrials.gov is a service of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and is developed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM).
  
  
• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Presents systematic reviews of a wide range of health interventions internationally. To access the abstracts of reviews about mental health challenges, select Explore by topic. Select a topic from the menu (e.g., Developmental, Psychosocial, and Learning Problems). Access to the full-text article requires a subscription that is available in many hospital and university health sciences libraries. The database is published by the Cochrane Collaboration, an international nonprofit organization based in the United Kingdom.
  
  
• Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE). Contains summaries of systematic reviews that have met strict quality criteria. Included reviews must be about the effects of interventions. Each summary also provides a critical commentary on the quality of the review. Type a mental health challenge (e.g., depression) in the search field and click on Search to identify abstracts. Use MeSH, the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary, to identify terms. DARE is produced and maintained by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination at the University of York.
  
  
• HP2010 Information Access Project: Mental Health and Mental Disorders. Provides an automatic search mechanism for published literature indexed in PubMed related to the Healthy People 2010 objectives about improving mental health and ensuring access to appropriate, quality mental health services. Also links to the narrative for each objective and the complete chapter about mental health in the text, Healthy People 2010: Understanding and improving health, 2nd ed. (2000). This service is provided by the Partners in Information Access for the Public Health Workforce, a collaboration of federal agencies, public health organizations, and health sciences libraries.
  
  
• Maternal and Child Health Library at the National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health (NCEMCH), Georgetown University. Maintains several databases to collect, manage, and disseminate knowledge about maternal and child health (MCH), with special emphasis on knowledge gained from initiatives and programs supported by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB). The library's bibliographic database is

  MCHLine^®. Comprises an online catalog of materials in the Maternal and Child Health Library. Select recent items are listed in three bibliographies: (1) Adolescent Mental Health, (2) Children's Mental Health, and (3) Mental Health in Primary Care. Related bibliographies include Child Developmental Screening and Disasters and Terrorism.

  The Maternal and Child Health Library also offers organizations and programs databases.

• National Clearinghouse on Families and Youth (NCFY) Literature Database. Contains citations, abstracts, and contact information for more than 14,000 publications that focus on adolescent development and family issues. To identify materials on the topic, enter "mental health" in the Subject Key Word(s) field and a date range (e.g., 2005:2007), and click on Search. An NCFY compilation of materials include

  Assessment and screening tools for measuring mental health, substance abuse, and independent living skills in adolescents. (2006).

• National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC). Contains evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and related materials for health professionals. Identify guidelines about mental health in children and adolescents by entering "mental health" in the Keyword field of the detailed search form. Scroll down on the search form to select Age of Target Population (e.g., Adolescent, Child, Infant). Hold down the control key (ctrl) or Apple command key and click your mouse to make multiple selections. For condition-specific guidelines, go to Frequently Requested Searches and scroll to the section, Mental Health and Mental Disorders to view a list of automatic searches. Or conduct your own search by typing the name of the condition in the Disease/Condition field of the detailed search form and scrolling down to select Age of Target Population. The database is sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) in partnership with the American Medical Association (AMA) and America's Health Insurance Plans (AHIP).
  
  
• PubMed. Contains over 19 million citations for biomedical articles from MEDLINE and life science journals. Citations may include links to full-text articles from PubMed Central or publisher Web sites. To identify citations on the topic, enter terms in the search box. Use the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) database to identify terms. Refine your search by clicking on Limits and making the following selections on the page: select a date (e.g. Published in the last 2 years); click on Languages: English; click on Species: Humans; click on Ages: All Child; and select Search Field Tags: MeSH Major Topic. PubMed is a service of the National Library of Medicine (NLM).
  
  
• Also see the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) Database, the National Center for Mental Health Promotion and Youth Violence Prevention: Promote Prevent Library, and the State-Level School Health Policies Database.
  

Programs Databases

• American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Community Pediatrics Grants Projects. Archives previously funded community pediatrics grant projects, including those funded through the CATCH Program, the Healthy Tomorrows Partnership for Children Program, the Community Pediatrics Training Initiative, and the Healthy People 2010 Chapter Grants. Search by target population, health topic (including mental health), state/territory, project activity, AAP program, AAP district, and project year.
  
  
• Health Services Research Projects in Progress (HSRProj). Provides information about ongoing health services research and public health projects. To identify projects on the topic, enter the search phrase (child OR adolescent) AND mental health. Click on Search to get your results. HSRProj is funded by the National Library of Medicine (NLM).
  
  
• Maternal and Child Health Library at the National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health (NCEMCH), Georgetown University. Maintains two databases to identify organizations and programs focusing on children and adolescents with emotional, behavioral, and mental health challenges:

  MCH Organizations Database. Lists over 2,000 government, professional, and voluntary organizations involved in MCH activities, primarily at a national level. To identify mental-health-related organizations, type "mental health" in the keyword field of the database search form. For condition-specific organizations, search the name of the condition in the keyword field.

  MCH Projects Database. Comprises an online catalog of projects funded by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB). MCHB funds several projects related to mental health in children and adolescents. To identify them, type "mental health" in the abstract field of the database search form. For condition-specific projects, search on the name of the condition in the abstract field. Also see MCH Training Program: Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics.

• National Directory of Family-Run and Youth-Guided Organizations for Children's Mental Health. Lists family-run and youth-guided organizations and support groups throughout the United States, U.S. territories, and tribal nations that are working to support families who have children and adolescents with emotional, behavioral, and mental health challenges and to improve mental health services and supports. The database is a service of the Research and Training Center for Children's Mental Health.
  
  
• National Mental Health Consumers' Self-Help Clearinghouse: Directory of Consumer-Driven Services (CDS). Contains contact information for national and local consumer-driven mental health programs. Search by name, program category, state, zip code, and/or keyword.
  
  
• National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices (NREPP). Presents information about interventions for the prevention and treatment of mental health problems and substance use disorders. Search the database by selecting from Topics and/or Areas of Interest, Age, and other fields as needed. Click on Search to get your results. NREPP is a service of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).
  
  
• Also see the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, the National Mental Health Information Center, the Promising Practices Network (PPN) on Children, Families, and Communities, Family Voices, the Federation of Families for Children's Mental Health, Parent to Parent USA (P2P USA), the Technical Assistance Alliance for Parent Centers (The Alliance), and the Suicide Prevention Resource Center (SPRC).
  

  
  

Electronic Newsletters and Online Discussion Groups

• About Our Kids. Offers three electronic newsletters for parents, educators, and health professionals. About Our Kids is a service of the New York University Child Study Center (CSC). The newsletters are

  Ask the Expert: A CSC monthly newsletter. This newsletter showcases a different mental health issue each month. It also includes information on upcoming events, lectures, and workshops as well as information about current research studies.

  CSC letter. Published five times a year, this in-depth newsletter covers issues related to psychological development, academic problems, and mental health needs.

  Parent letter. This monthly newsletter offers parents tips and advice on special topics relevant to school-age children. Articles are written in English, Spanish, Chinese, and Korean.

• Dbpeds.org Discussion Forum. Offers an electronic discussion group for health professionals who care for children and adolescents with developmental and behavioral problems. The forum is for clinical case discussion, continuing education, and scientific exchange.
  
  
• Friday's Child. This bi-weekly electronic newsletter by Family Voices contains information for existing and emerging family advocates of children and adolescents with special health care needs on topics such as leadership, mentoring, partnering, and team building.
  
  
• IMPACT Children's Mental Health Electronic Newsletter. This monthly publication contains articles and shares information about funding opportunities, conferences, announcements, and resources related to child and adolescent mental health. IMPACT is a service of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
  
  
• National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI): Communities. Presents a set of electronic discussion groups for those affected by mental health challenges. Includes groups for specific mental health conditions, for adolescents and young adults, and for families and caregivers.
  
  
• National Center for Mental Health Promotion and Youth Violence Prevention E-newsletter. This monthly electronic newsletter offers information about conferences, funding, resources, and other news pertaining to adolescent mental health promotion and violence prevention.
  
  
• National Technical Assistance Center for Children's Mental Health: Data Matters. This interactive forum allows participants to read an article, browse additional resources, review posted comments, access previous discussions, and post their own comments to facilitate greater interaction and discussion about children's mental health. Medicaid financing changes, integrating mental health and substance abuse, and early childhood mental health screening and assessment are among the topics covered.
  
  
• Research and Training Center for Children's Mental Health: Data Trends. This electronic newsletter summarizes recent published articles about systems of care for children and adolescents with emotional and behavioral challenges and their families and presents new developments in the field of children's mental health.
  
  
• Research and Training Center on Family Support and Children's Mental Health (RTC). Offers several electronic news services

  Featured discussions. This electronic discussion forum provides an opportunity for expressing and exchanging opinions on topics related to family support and child and adolescent mental health.

  Focal point. This research bulletin about family support and child and adolescent mental health is published semi-annually. Topics of recent issues include effective interventions for underserved populations, traumatic stress and child welfare, juvenile justice, and strengthening social support.

  RTC updates. This electronic newsletter presents information about new research and developments in the field of child and adolescent mental health and news about RTC's publications, products, research, and conferences.

• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Offers two electronic communication services:

  SAMHSA news. This bimonthly newsletter offers updates and information about SAMHSA campaigns and initiatives, grants, data, treatment updates, and new publications about substance use and the prevention and treatment of mental health challenges.

  SAMHSA eNetwork. Offers a personalized electronic mailing service for researchers, health professionals, and families about SAMHSA grants, publications, campaigns, programs, and data reports.

• Technical Assistance Partnership for Child and Family Mental Health Newsletter. Offers a monthly electronic newsletter for community and family members about funding sources, research advances, and other resources.
  

  
  

Resources for Families

• See the Maternal and Child Health Library's family resource brief, Emotional, Behavioral, and Mental Health Challenges in Kids and Teens.
  

  
  

Resources for Schools

Web Sites

• CDC's Healthy Youth! Mental Health. Offers program information, statistics, and an annotated list of publications by CDC and other organizations about mental health and school-age children and adolescents. Also presents the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), which monitors health risk behaviors that contribute markedly to the leading causes of death, disability, and social problems among adolescents and adults in the United States.
  
  
• Center for Health and Health Care in Schools (CHHCS): School-Based Mental Health. Offers program descriptions and background information about mental health services in schools, including programs that serve the children of immigrants and refugees. Includes information and tools for building school-based mental health programs. CHHCS is a policy and program resource center located at The George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services.
  
  
• Center for Mental Health in Schools: School Mental Health Project (SMHP). Contains a wealth of resources for health professionals, educators, and families about mental health in schools, including resource packets, policy reports, fact sheets, a school mental health professional directory, an electronic newsletter, an online discussion forum, training tutorials, and program and conference information. The center is located at the University of California Los Angeles. A selection of recent publications includes

  Current status of mental health in schools: A policy and practice analysis. (2006).

  Mapping a school's resources to improve their use in preventing and ameliorating problems. (2006).

  Mental health in schools and public health. (2006).

  School and community collaboration to promote a safe learning environment. (2006).

  Toward a school district infrastructure that more effectively addresses barriers to learning and teaching. (2007).

  Want to work with schools? What is involved in successful linkages? (2006).

• Center for School-Based Mental Health Programs. Offers publications and links to resources to promote the development and implementation of effective programs to enhance students' healthy psychological development and to reduce mental-health-related barriers to learning. The center is located at Miami University, Ohio. Recent publications include

  Roles of school and community providers in the delivery of school based mental health services. (2006).

  Using community-university partnerships to advance school mental health programming: Why, what and how? (2006).

  Why we need school mental health programs and services. (2006).

• Center for School Mental Health (CSMH). Offers conference and meeting information, legislative updates, issue briefs, resource packets, and other materials for health and education professionals about promising ideas for advancing research, training, and practice in school mental health. CSMHA is located at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Recent publications and initiatives include

  Cultural competency and school mental health. (2006).

  School Mental Health Connection. Offers resources for education, health, and social services professionals, families, and students to help schools improve school environments by identifying students with mental health challenges and providing them with referrals for treatment. Information is based on current research, including prominent evidence-based practices, as well as lessons learned from local, state, and national initiatives.

  Suicide prevention in the schools. (2006).

• Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) Database. Covers all aspects of education-related issues through journal articles, research reports, teaching guides, curricula, conference papers, and books. To identify resources on the topic, click on Advanced Search. In the field, Search for, select Descriptors (from Thesaurus) and enter a mental health condition. View the mental health section of the ERIC Thesaurus for assistance with terminology. Enter a publication date range (e.g., From 2006 to 2007). Click on Search to get your results. ERIC is sponsored by the Department of Education.
  
  
• National Assembly on School-based Health Care (NASBHC): School Mental Health. Offers program information, tools, and resources for implementing, evaluating, and improving school-based mental health services. Includes links to comprehensive mental-health-assessment tools frequently used in school-based health centers. NASBHC also offers background information about school-based health care along with resources for advocacy, funding, evaluation, and quality improvement.
  
  
• National Association of School Psychologists (NASP). Offers professional standards, training, and conference information, position statements, advocacy resources, and other materials for school psychologists about mental health in children and adolescents. Also offers Success In School/Skills for Life for parents, teachers, and students containing a series of fact sheets about academic, emotional, and social development in children and adolescents. The topics rotate throughout the school year and include materials in Spanish.
  
  
• National Association of State Boards of Education (NASBE): State School Health Policy Database. Comprises a collection of state laws and policies in key areas of school health. Click on View by Topic. Scan the categories in the left sidebar and choose a topic (e.g., Emotional, Social, and Mental Health Education; Requirements for School Psychologists; Counseling and Mental Health Services).
  
  
• National Center for Mental Health Promotion and Youth Violence Prevention. Includes program, funding, and conference information; research briefs; evidence-based intervention fact sheets; an online library; an electronic newsletter; and other resources. The center provides technical assistance and training to school districts and communities that receive grants from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). These programs and their grantees seek to increase the capacity of schools and communities to meet the mental health needs of students and their families; create and expand coalitions to prevent adolescent violence, suicide, substance use, and other emotional, behavioral, and mental health challenges; and prevent violence in schools. Resources include

  Promote Prevent Library. Contains information on publications and Web sites about mental health promotion and violence prevention in schools. To search for resources on the topic, click on Mental Health and Mental Illness in the left sidebar. Narrow your search by clicking on a subtopic listed in the sidebar.

• National Community of Practice on School Behavioral Health. Presents resources to support and facilitate the shared work that occurs among national organizations, state and local agencies, and technical assistance centers to address school behavioral health services. Access publications, conference information, electronic discussion notes, and other resources by clicking on the states and practice groups listed in the left sidebar. Sponsors of the community are the IDEA Partnership and the Center for School Mental Health (CSMH).
  
  
• National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY). Provides a wealth of resources for families, educators, and other professionals on disabilities and disability-related issues that include mental health challenges, early intervention, special education and related services, individualized education programs, family issues, education rights, and transition to adult life. State resource sheets list up-to-date contact information for state agencies and organizations, disability-specific organizations, parent groups and parent training and information centers, and other organizations within each state that address disability-related issues, including those related to mental health. Materials are available in English and Spanish. NICHCY is funded by the Department of Education (ED).
  
  
• Technical Assistance Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS). Offers training and technical assistance resources; a bibliography of research articles; conference presentation materials; and planning, implementation, and evaluation tools for identifying, adapting, and sustaining effective school-wide disciplinary practices. Also provides contact information for state PBIS coordinators. Resources are available in Spanish. The center was established by the Office of Special Education Programs, Department of Education, to address the behavioral and discipline systems needed for students' successful learning and social development.
  
  
• See the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI) resources, Parents and teachers as allies (2007) and Ten best practices for schools (2007).
  
  
• Also see the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, the Center for Effective Collaboration and Practice (CECP), the Center for Evidence-Based Practice (CEBP), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the National Mental Health Information Center, the Promising Practices Network (PPN) on Children, Families, and Communities, the Research and Training Center for Children's Mental Health, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the Technical Assistance Alliance for Parent Centers, and Zero to Three.
  
  
• Also note: Many of the resources presented in the final section of this knowledge path, Resources on Specific Emotional, Behavioral, and Mental Health Concerns, contain resources for schools. In particular, see the section, Learning Disabilities.
  

Additional Electronic Publications

• Jaycox L, Morse L, Tanielian T, Stein B. 2006. How schools can help students recover from traumatic experiences: A tool-kit for supporting long-term recovery. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. This toolkit shows how to provide school-based mental health programs for students exposed to violence, natural disasters, and other traumatic events. A fact sheet summarizes the toolkit.
  
  
• Taras H, Duncan P, Luckenbill D, Robinson J, Wheeler L, Wooley S, eds. 2004. Health, mental health and safety guidelines for schools. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP); Castle Rock, CO: National Association of School Nurses (NASN). This online compendium is designed to help community and school leaders determine the breadth of school health, mental health, and safety issues and set priorities for future action. The compendium was developed by health, education, and safety professionals from more than 30 different national organizations; parents; and other collaborators with support from the Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB). The compendium draws upon published guidelines on specific components of school health and safety programs and on overall coordination of these programs.
  
  
• See the National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability for Youth publication, Tunnels and cliffs: A guide for workforce development practitioners and policymakers serving youth with mental health needs. (2007).
  
  
• See the Research and Training Center for Children's Mental Health report, School-based mental health: An empirical guide for decision-makers (2006).
  
  
• See the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) report, School mental health services in the United States, 2002-2003 (2005). This report describes the first national survey of mental health services in a representative sample of public elementary, middle, and high schools and their associated school districts in the United States. Topics include types of mental health challenges common in school settings, types of services available, numbers and qualifications of school mental health services staff, provision for mental health services delivery including partnerships with community-based providers, and funding sources.
  

  
  

Resources on Specific Emotional, Behavioral, and Mental Health Concerns

Anxiety Disorders
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Child Maltreatment
Domestic Violence
Eating Disorders
Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Juvenile Justice
Learning Disabilities
Mood Disorders (Depression, Bipolar Disorders)
Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Borderline Personality Disorder
Parental Depression and Other Mental Health Concerns
Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
Substance Use
Suicide
Tourette Syndrome

Anxiety Disorders (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Panic Disorder, Phobias, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Separation Anxiety Disorder)

• Anxiety Disorders Association of America (ADAA): Anxiety Disorders in Children and Teens. Offers information for parents and educators about anxiety disorders, finding help, and treatment.
  
  
• National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN). Provides resources for families, professionals, schools, and the media about child and adolescent traumatic stress, effective interventions, data, and preparedness to lessen traumatic effects. Child abuse, school violence, terrorism, natural disasters, culture and trauma, and community resilience are among the topics addressed. Resources are available in Spanish. NCTSN is funded by the Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) and jointly coordinated by Duke University and the University of California, Los Angeles.
  
  
• See the Maternal and Child Health Library's Reaching out to children and youth following disasters: Selected resources.
  
  
• Also see the American Psychological Association (APA); Food and Drug Administration (FDA); MEDLINEplus; NCCP's Strengthening policies to support children, youth, and families who experience trauma; the Child and Adolescent Depression and Anxiety Toolkit; the report, How schools can help students recover from traumatic experiences (2006), and the guide, KySS (Keep Your Children/Yourself Safe and Secure) guide to child and adolescent mental health screening, early intervention, and health promotion (2006).
  

  
  

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

• CDC's Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Resource. Offers information for families and health and education professionals about ADHD and its symptoms, effects on child and adolescent development, and treatment. Includes data, research information, and Spanish-language resources.
  
  
• Help4Kids with ADHD. Offers evidence-based information about ADHD for families, health professionals, and educators. This Web site is a service of the Tufts Medical Center.
  
  
• National Initiative for Children's Healthcare Quality (NICHQ): ADHD. Presents a set of tools to improve the quality of care for children and adolescents with ADHD. NICHQ promotes evidence based, family centered care for children with chronic conditions.
  
  
• National Resource Center on AD/HD (NRC). Provides evidence-based information to families and professionals about ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults. Also includes information about diagnosis and treatment; dealing with legal, health insurance, and public benefits systems; educational issues; and living with ADHD. Offers a toll-free telephone information service: (800) 233-4050. Also offers Spanish-language resources. NRC is a program of Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD) and is funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  
  
• Also see the American Psychological Association (APA), the Child Trends DataBank, Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics Online (dbpeds.org), the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) Database, Facts for Families, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), LD Online, MEDLINEplus, the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and the guide, KySS (Keep Your Children/Yourself Safe and Secure) guide to child and adolescent mental health screening, early intervention, and health promotion (2006).
  

  
  

Autism Spectrum Disorders

• See the Maternal and Child Health Library's Knowledge path: Autism spectrum disorders.
  

  
  

Child Maltreatment

• Childhelp®. Offers information about child maltreatment and about advocacy, prevention, treatment, and community outreach efforts. For help with reporting child abuse and neglect or to speak with a counselor, contact Childhelp® at (800) 422-4453. The hotline is staffed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week with professional crisis counselors who, through interpreters, can provide assistance in 140 languages. The hotline offers crisis intervention, information, literature, and referrals to thousands of emergency, social service, and support resources. All calls are anonymous and confidential.
  
  
• Child Welfare Information Gateway. Offers resources about child maltreatment, including definitions, signs and symptoms, statistics and prevalence, types of child abuse and neglect, risk and protective factors, the impact on individuals and society, and child fatalities. Includes resources about preventing child abuse and neglect and responding to child abuse and neglect. Some resources are available in Spanish. The gateway is a service of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Recent publications include

  Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy: Addressing the mental health of sexually abused children. (2007).

• Matrix: Seclusion and Restraint. Offers program, funding, and conference information and other resources about eliminating the use of seclusion and restraint in mental health services. The matrix is an initiative of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Recent publications include

  Roadmap to seclusion and restraint free mental health services for persons of all ages. (2006).

• Prevent Child Abuse America. Offers program and research information and materials in English and Spanish that promote positive parenting and a community-wide approach to child abuse prevention. Also offers a teleconference series for professionals and contact information for state chapters.
  
  
• American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP). 2002. Reactive Attachment Disorder. Washington, DC: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP). This fact sheet describes the causes, symptoms, and treatment for this clinical condition.
  
  
• Butchart A, Harvey AP, Mian M, Furniss T. 2006. Preventing child maltreatment. A guide to taking action and generating evidence. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization (WHO). This report provides technical advice for professionals working in governments, research institutes, and nongovernmental organizations on how to measure the extent of child maltreatment and its consequences and how to design, implement, and evaluate prevention programs. The report also offers important considerations for detecting and responding to child maltreatment. The report is available in English, French, and Arabic.
  
  
• Child Welfare League of America. 2004. Achieving better outcomes for children and families: Reducing restraint and seclusion. Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America. This report provides background information about the Best Practices in Behavior Support and Intervention Project, outlines the project's results, details the specific interventions implemented by the project demonstration sites, summarizes promising practices to reduce restraint and seclusion, and provides direction for future research.
  
  
• Exceptional Parent Magazine. 2007. Position statement on the use of restraints. Westwood, NJ: EP Global Communications, Inc. This statement declares Exceptional Parent's opposition to the use of restraint, seclusion, and aversive practices to respond to or control a child's behavior.
  
  
• Frost L, Rodriguez R, Gober KJ, eds. 2006. Safe and appropriate behavioral interventions: Changing the culture of care. Austin, TX: Hogg Foundation for Mental Health. This training guide is designed to help mental health professionals explore the use of seclusion and restraint in various juvenile care settings. It presents eight scenarios in which staff must respond to a client who may need seclusion or restraint. Although many of the scenarios presented result in restraint, the scenes illustrate cues that are overlooked that could have led to de-escalation, making the restraint unnecessary.
  
  
• Kutz GD. 2009. Seclusions and restraints: Selected cases of death and abuse at public and private schools and treatment centers. Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office (GAO). This Congressional testimony provides an overview of seclusions and restraint laws applicable to children in public and private schools, reports on allegations of student death and abuse from the use of these methods, and examines the facts and circumstances surrounding cases where a student died or suffered abuse as a result of being secluded or restrained.
  
  
• Please note: The Child Death Review Process presented by the National MCH Center for Child Death Review is being revised to allow for national data tracking on preventable child deaths owing to the use of restraints. A companion training protocol is also being revised.
  
  
• Also see the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Center for Health Care Strategies (CHCS); MEDLINEplus; the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI); the report, Health and social impact of growing up with alcohol abuse and related adverse childhood experiences: The human and economic costs of the status quo (2006); the report, Making reform real: Addressing the mental health needs of children in the dependency system (2007); and the guide, KySS (Keep Your Children/Yourself Safe and Secure) guide to child and adolescent mental health screening, early intervention, and health promotion (2006).
  

  
  

Domestic Violence

• See the Maternal and Child Health Library's Knowledge path: Domestic violence.
  
  
• Also see the report, Health and social impact of growing up with alcohol abuse and related adverse childhood experiences: The human and economic costs of the status quo (2006).
  

  
  

Eating Disorders (Anorexia, Bulimia)

• National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA). Offers resources for families, friends, health professionals, educators, and coaches about anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder. Some resources are available in Spanish. Also offers program information, curricula, and an online directory of doctors, nutritionists, counselors, and inpatient and outpatient facilities by state. In addition, the NEDA Helpline is a nationwide, toll-free service linking those affected by eating disorders and their families to information, support, and referral to eating-disorders-treatment professionals. Telephone: (800) 931-2237.
  
  
• National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders (ANAD). Presents general information about eating disorders and information about legislative activities and programs. Includes a set of guidelines for school personnel to identify and help students who may have an eating disorder. Telephone: (847) 831-3438.
  
  
• Also see the Maternal and Child Health Library's organizations resource list, Eating disorders, and the knowledge paths, Child and adolescent nutrition and Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.
  
  
• Also see MEDLINEplus, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and the guide, KySS (Keep Your Children/Yourself Safe and Secure) guide to child and adolescent mental health screening, early intervention, and health promotion (2006).
  

  
  

Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

• Administration on Developmental Disabilities (ADD). Offers program information and links to resources that promote independence, productivity, and integration and inclusion into the community for individuals with developmental disabilities and their families. Includes contact information for the State Councils on Developmental Disabilities Program, State Protection and Advocacy Agencies, the National Network of University Centers for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities Education, Research, and Service, Projects of National Significance, and national organizations. ADD is part of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS).
  
  
• American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD). Offers conference, legislative, and membership information, fact sheets, and position statements for professionals who support people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
  
  
• ARC of the United States. Offers fact sheets and guides to supports and services for families raising children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Also offers contact information for local chapters. Some resources are only available after registering online with ARC.
  
  
• Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Center for Excellence. Provides program information and resources about fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, which includes fetal alcohol syndrome, fetal alcohol effects, alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), and alcohol-related birth defects. Includes materials to raise awareness about FASD. The center is part of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).
  
  
• National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS). Offers research, policy, and legislative information to support individuals with Down syndrome and other intellectual disabilities and their families. Resources address health, development, and education issues and are available in English and Spanish.
  
  
• National Fragile X Foundation (NFXF). Offers research and conference information and resources for professionals and families about the diagnosis and treatment of Fragile X syndrome. Includes contact information for parent support groups. Some resources are available in Spanish.
  
  
• Also see Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics Online (dbpeds.org), the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) Database, and the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY).
  

  
  

Juvenile Justice

• National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice (NCMHJJ). Provides program information, publications, online training curricula, and summaries of evidence-based practices to improve services for adolescents with mental health challenges in contact with the juvenile justice system. NCMHJJ is funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Recent publications and initiatives include

  Blueprint for change: A comprehensive model for the identification and treatment of youth with mental health needs in contact with the juvenile justice system. (2006).

  Models for Change: Systems Reform in Juvenile Justice. Offers information about this initiative to create successful and replicable models of juvenile-justice-system reform. Mental health and substance abuse are among the issues addressed.

  Trauma among youth in the juvenile justice system: Critical issues and new directions. (2007).

• Clark K, Gehshan S. 2006. Meeting the health needs of youth involved in the juvenile justice system. Portland, ME: National Academy for State Health Policy. This paper describes the limits to and opportunities for organizing and funding health services for adolescents during and after their involvement in the juvenile justice system. The paper also highlights a number of promising practices and service models in states.
  
  
• Koppelman J. 2005. Mental health and juvenile justice: Moving toward more effective systems of care. Washington, DC: National Health Policy Forum. This issue brief discusses the mental health needs of adolescents who are involved with the juvenile justice system, how they come into contact with the system, and the evidence on the availability and quality of mental health services for such adolescents. The paper also explores public policy options for avoiding dependence on the juvenile justice system as a last resort for treating adolescents with mental health challenges.
  
  
• Teplin LA, Abram KM, McClelland GM. 2006. Psychiatric disorders of youth in detention. Rockville, MD: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). This bulletin reports on research that measured the prevalence of alcohol, drug, and mental health challenges among adolescents detained at the Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center in Illinois. It presents information to help the juvenile justice system detect adolescents with mental health challenges and respond with an integrated system of services.
  
  
• See the Maternal and Child Health Library's Knowledge path: Adolescent violence prevention.
  
  
• Also see the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI), and the report, Juvenile justice and mental health: Working together for the best outcomes for youth with serious emotional disorders (2006).
  

  
  

Learning Disabilities

• LD Online. Contains articles, fact sheets, discussion groups, and "ask the expert" opportunities for parents, teachers, and other professionals about a wide range of learning disabilities. LD OnLine, an educational service of public television station WETA in Washington, D.C., works in association with the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities.
  
  
• National Center for Learning Disabilities (NCLD). Offers online resources for parents, educators, and individuals with learning disabilities. Resources for parents include information and tools for navigating the special education process and advocating for children with learning disabilities at home and school. Resources for educators include suggestions and strategies for assisting students with learning disabilities in their classrooms. Also offers resources for adolescents with learning disabilities to help with decisions about school, finding support, and building skills and managing a learning disability in adulthood. Also presents an electronic newsletter and online discussion forums as well as a resource directory by state.
  
  
• Also see Child Trends DataBank, Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics Online (dbpeds.org), the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) Database, and the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY).
  

  
  

Mood Disorders (Depression, Bipolar Disorder)

• Child and Adolescent Bipolar Foundation. Offers information for families about pediatric bipolar disorder. Includes a local directory of family support groups.
  
  
• Child and Adolescent Depression and Anxiety Toolkit. Presents links to online health information resources focused on anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Lists links to Spanish-language resources. The toolkit is a collaboration between the Washington State Department of Health's Children with Special Health Care Needs Program and the Center for Children with Special Needs.
  
  
• ParentsMedGuide.org. Contains information for families and professionals about treating depression in children and adolescents, including information on treatment alternatives and current research findings. This resource is developed by the American Psychiatric Association and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP).
  
  
• Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance. 2003. Storm in my brain: Kids and mood disorders (Bipolar Disorder and Depression). Chicago, IL: Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance. This book was written by children for children to explain what it is like to have mood disorders.
  
  
• Also see the American Psychological Association (APA), Child Trends DataBank, Facts for Families, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the report, Health and social impact of growing up with alcohol abuse and related adverse childhood experiences: The human and economic costs of the status quo (2006), and the guide, KySS (Keep Your Children/Yourself Safe and Secure) guide to child and adolescent mental health screening, early intervention, and health promotion (2006).
  

  
  

Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Borderline Personality Disorder

• About Our Kids. Offers resources about conduct disorder.
  
  
• American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP). Offers resources about oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder.
  
  
• Mental Health America (MHA): Youth and Families. Offers resources about conduct disorder.
  
  
• National Mental Health Information Center. Offers resources about child and adolescent conduct disorder.
  
  
• See the National Technical Assistance Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS). Other sources for information about PBIS include the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law; the Center for Evidence-Based Practice: Young Children with Challenging Behavior; Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics Online (dbpeds.org); the National Center for Mental Health Promotion and Youth Violence Prevention; and the training guide, Safe and appropriate behavioral interventions: Changing the culture of care (2006).
  
  
• Also see the juvenile justice section of this knowledge path and the Maternal and Child Health Library's Knowledge path: Adolescent violence prevention.
  

  
  

Parental Depression and Other Mental Health Concerns

• American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP). Offers resources about children of parents with mental health needs.
  
  
• Mental Health America (MHA): Youth and Families. Offers a fact sheet series for parents who have a mental health need, including depression. MHA also has a hotline.
  
  
• National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Offers resources about depression in men and women.
  
  
• Olson A, Gaffney C. 2007. Parental depression screening for pediatric clinicians: An implementation manual. New York, NY: Commonwealth Fund. This online manual provides a method for pediatric health professionals to routinely screen for parental depression and to refer parents for help.
  
  
• Onunaku N. 2005. Improving maternal and infant mental health: Focus on maternal depression. Los Angeles, CA: Center for Healthier Children, Families and Communities. This paper discusses the impact of maternal depression on the social and emotional health of young children. It recommends specific steps that early childhood program and public health administrators can take to address the unmet mental health needs of mothers while ultimately promoting the social and emotional health, school readiness, and future functioning of very young children.
  
  
• Van Landeghem K. 2006. Financing strategies for Medicaid reimbursement of maternal depression screening by pediatric providers. Portland, ME: National Academy for State Health Policy (NASHP). This news brief discusses strategies for financing Medicaid reimbursement of maternal depression screening by pediatric health professionals. The brief explains the relationship between the healthy development of young children and maternal depression, delineates key strategies for reimbursement, and presents a case study of reimbursement in Illinois.
  
  
• See the Maternal and Child Health Library's Knowledge path: Depression during and after pregnancy. Also see MEDLINEplus.
  

  
  

Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder

• World Fellowship for Schizophrenia and Allied Disorders (WFSAD). Offers information in English, Spanish, and French about schizophrenia and allied disorders. Includes a quarterly newsletter and other publications, personal stories, a recommended reading list, and conference information.
  
  
• See MEDLINEplus. Also see the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
  

  
  

Substance Use

• Co-Occurring Center for Excellence (COCE). Offers overview papers and technical reports, presentations, research reviews, bibliographies, case profiles, and fact sheets about co-occurring mental health concerns and substance use disorders for health, education, and social service professionals. COCE is a service of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).
  
  
• Family Guide to Keeping Youth Mentally Healthy and Drug-Free. Offers articles and other resources aimed at supporting the efforts of parents and caregivers to promote mental health and prevent the use of alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs among 7- to 18-year-olds. The site presents information on talking with children and adolescents, getting involved, setting rules, being a role model, teaching children and adolescents to choose friends wisely, and monitoring children's and adolescents' activities.
  
  
• National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI). Offers information about substance abuse prevention and addiction treatment. Materials for various age and racial and ethnic groups are available in English, Spanish, and Asian languages. NCADI is a service of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). A sample of recent publications includes

  American Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian resource kit. (2007). This resource kit is designed for members of Native American communities with an interest in understanding, coping with, and preventing FASD.

  Illicit drug use, by race/ethnicity, in metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties: 2004 and 2005. (2007).

• National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Offers program information and publications for health professionals and researchers about the health aspects of drug abuse and addiction to inform policy and improve practice. Resources for parents, teachers, students, and young adults include fact sheets on specific drugs, prevention curricula, reports, and Spanish-language materials. NIDA is a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
  
  
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive (SAMHDA). Provides public data access and online analysis of studies about substance use and mental health, including those that focus on children and adolescents. SAMHDA is an initiative of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).
  
  
• Office of the Surgeon General. 2006. Health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. Rockville, MD: Office of the Surgeon General. This report and supporting materials describes the health consequences of secondhand smoke exposure to infants, children, adolescents, and adults. Supporting materials include an executive summary, a consumer booklet, fact sheet series, and links to additional resources about tobacco prevention and treating tobacco use and dependence. Also see an earlier Surgeon General's report, Health consequences of smoking (2004).
  
  
• Office of the Surgeon General. 2007. Surgeon General's call to action to prevent and reduce underage drinking. Rockville, MD: Office of the Surgeon General. This report urges parents, government, school officials and communities to do more to prevent underage drinking. The Call to Action aims to foster changes in society that facilitate healthy adolescent development and that help prevent and reduce underage drinking though policy change, research, public health surveillance, and engaging adolescents, parents, schools, communities, and systems that serve adolescents.
  
  
• Also see the Child Trends DataBank; girlshealth.gov; the National Mental Health Information Center; the Promising Practices Network (PPN) on Children, Families, and Communities; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA); the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS); the National Clearinghouse on Families and Youth (NCFY) Literature Database; and the National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices (NREPP).
  
  
• Also see the reports, Health and social impact of growing up with alcohol abuse and related adverse childhood experiences: The human and economic costs of the status quo (2006); Improving the quality of health care for mental and substance-use conditions (2006); Behavioral health: An adolescent provider toolkit (2007); and the guide, KySS (Keep Your Children/Yourself Safe and Secure) guide to child and adolescent mental health screening, early intervention, and health promotion (2006). See the Maternal and Child Health Library's organizations resource list, Substance use.
  

  
  

Suicide

• GET HELP: National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. Telephone: (800) 273-TALK or (800) 273- 8255 (voice); (800) 799-4889 (TDD).
  
  
• National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC): Suicide Prevention. Offers fact sheets, program information, definitions, and data about suicide. Includes information about suicide risk and protective factors, consequences, prevention strategies, and diffusion strategies. Resources include

  National Violent Death Reporting System. Collects data on violent deaths from a variety of sources, and provides insight into the optimal points for suicide intervention.

  Suicide: Facts at a glance. (2007).

  Suicide trends among youths and young adults aged 10-24 years -- United States, 1990-2004. (2007).

  Understanding suicide. (2006).

  Also see the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS).

• Suicide Prevention Resource Center (SPRC). Provides suicide prevention information, training materials, and other resources to assist organizations and individuals with developing suicide prevention programs, interventions, and policies, and to advance the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention. Includes descriptions of and resources from state efforts to prevent suicide. SPRC is funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Resources include

  Best Practices Registry for Suicide Prevention. Presents program descriptions and contact information for suicide prevention programs that effectively address specific objectives of the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention.

• Goldrick L. 2005. Youth suicide prevention: Strengthening state policies and school-based strategies. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. This issue brief focuses on state policies and school-based strategies for preventing suicide among adolescents. The brief provides an overview of the problem; provides background; and discusses the role of schools in suicide prevention, state support for suicide prevention programs, and state suicide-prevention initiatives.
  
  
• Guild PA, Freeman VA. 2006. Promising practices to prevent adolescent suicide: What we can learn from Florida. Chapel Hill, NC: Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research. This paper about promising practices in Florida to reduce adolescent suicide includes a review of the national literature and trends on adolescent suicide, rates and trends for adolescent suicides in Florida, suicide prevention activities in Florida by nonprofit organizations and government agencies, community and school interventions, and health system interventions.
  
  
• National Adolescent Health Information Center (NAHIC). 2006. Suicide: Adolescents and young adults. San Francisco, CA: National Adolescent Health Information Center (NAHIC). This fact sheet presents data about suicide and suicide attempts by age, gender, and racial and ethnic group.
  
  
• Office of the Surgeon General. 1999. Surgeon General's call to action to prevent suicide. Rockville, MD: Office of the Surgeon General. This report outlines more than a dozen steps that can be taken by individuals, communities, organizations, and policymakers to prevent suicide in the United States. A fact sheet about suicide in children and adolescents accompanies the report.
  
  
• World Health Organization (WHO). 2002. World report on violence and health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. This report aims to raise awareness about the problem of violence globally, to make the case that violence is preventable, and to highlight the crucial role that public health has to play in addressing the causes and consequences of violence. Chapter 7 provides information about suicide, including suicide among adolescents. The report is available in several languages.
  
  
• See the National Center for Mental Health Promotion and Youth Violence Prevention publications about suicide, How schools can prevent suicide (2006) and Recognizing and responding to the warning signs of suicide: A guide for teachers and school staff (2006).
  
  
• Also see the American Psychological Association (APA); the Center for School Mental Health (CSMH); the Child Trends DataBank; Facts for Families; and the report, Health and social impact of growing up with alcohol abuse and related adverse childhood experiences: The human and economic costs of the status quo (2006). Also see the section, Mood Disorders (Depression, Bipolar Disorders).
  

  
  

Tourette Syndrome

• Tourette Syndrome Association (TSA). Presents conference and training information and newsletters, articles, curricula, videorecordings, and other resources about Tourette Syndrome.
  
  
• See MEDLINEplus. Also see the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP).
  

  
  

Emotional, Behavioral, and Mental Health Challenges in Children and Adolescents: Knowledge Path, 2nd ed. (October 2007). (Updated: July 2010).
Author: Susan Brune Lorenzo, M.L.S., Maternal and Child Health Library.
Reviewers: Lauren Agoratus, M.A., parent and New Jersey coordinator for Family Voices and the Family-to-Family Health Information Resource Center at the Statewide Parent Advocacy Network; Michelle A. Beauchesne, D.N.Sc., R.N., C.P.N.P., Northeastern University School of Nursing; Jolene Bertness, M.Ed., Maternal and Child Health Library; Olivia Pickett, M.A., M.L.S., Maternal and Child Health Library.