
Maternal and Child Health Library
This and past issues of the MCH Alert are available at http://www.mchlibrary.info/alert/archives.html
June 18, 2010
1. Library Releases New Edition of Knowledge Path About
Adolescent Violence Prevention
2. Report Focuses on What Americans Do to Find and
Effectively Use Safe, Acceptable Health Care
3. Brief Outlines Opportunities to Improve Early
Identification and Treatment of Maternal Depression
4. Study Examines Medicaid Reforms in Oregon and the Use
of Dental Care by Women of Childbearing Age
5. Authors Analyze Pediatric Emergency Department Use by
Adults with Chronic Pediatric Disorders
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1. LIBRARY RELEASES NEW EDITION OF KNOWLEDGE PATH ABOUT ADOLESCENT
VIOLENCE PREVENTION
Adolescent Violence Prevention: Knowledge Path is an electronic guide
to recent resources from the public health, medical, criminal justice,
education, and social services literature that measure, document, and
monitor adolescent violence; identify risk and protective factors; and
report on promising intervention strategies. The new edition of the
knowledge path, produced by the Maternal and Child Health Library (MCH
Library), includes information about, and links to, Web sites,
publications, databases, hotlines, and news and commentary. Separate
sections list resources for professionals (health professionals,
policymakers, educators, and community activists), and for families.
Resources on specific aspects of adolescent violence are also presented
in a separate section. Topics include bullying, dating violence, family
violence, firearms, media violence, school violence, suicide, and
violent crime victims. The knowledge path is available at http://www.mchlibrary.info/KnowledgePaths/kp_adolvio.html
MCH Library knowledge paths on other topics are available at
http://www.mchlibrary.info/KnowledgePaths/index.html. The MCH Library
welcomes feedback on the usefulness and value of these knowledge paths.
A feedback form is available at http://www.mchlibrary.info/feedback/index.html
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2. REPORT FOCUSES ON WHAT AMERICANS DO TO FIND AND EFFECTIVELY USE
SAFE, ACCEPTABLE HEALTH CARE
Snapshot of People's Engagement in Their Health Care focuses on actions
that individuals must take to obtain the greatest benefit from the
health care services available to them. The report, produced by the
Center for Advancing Health, provides a brief overview of what is known
about people's attitudes about engaging in their health care and then
reports on the public's current level of activity based on behaviors
documented in publicly available population surveys. Topics include the
size of the engagement challenge (what percentage of the U.S.
population practices various engagement behaviors?) and the scope of
the challenge (what are some of the characteristics that distinguish
those who are less likely to participate in their own care?). The
findings are grounded in what individuals are actually doing (and not
doing) to benefit from their health care vs. their knowledge,
attitudes, and intentions. Goals and recommendations for policy and
practice are included. The report is available at http://www.cfah.org/pdfs/CFAH_Snapshot_2010_Full.pdf
Readers: This report lays the groundwork for a series of ten white
papers that will present a synthesis of the literature about what it
takes for individuals to engage in their care. Each paper will focus on
one of ten sets of engagement behaviors described in this report and
will describe what is at stake as well as the tasks, challenges, and
current efforts to support those behaviors. The white papers will be
released during 2010-2012.
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3. BRIEF OUTLINES OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE EARLY IDENTIFICATION AND
TREATMENT OF MATERNAL DEPRESSION
Identifying and Treating Maternal Depression: Strategies and
Considerations for Health Plans reviews the types, prevalence, and
symptoms of maternal depression and related conditions in the United
States; the costs (including monetary, life course, and developmental
impacts); screening tools and recommendations for early identification
and treatment; barriers to diagnosis and access to care; and
opportunities for health plans to support a comprehensive approach to
care. The brief was produced by the National Institute for Health Care
Management Research and Educational Foundation with support from the
Health Resources and Services Administration's Maternal and Child
Health Bureau. Contents include definitions for a spectrum of
depressive conditions that can affect mothers (up to 12 months
postpartum) and mothers-to-be, including prenatal depression,
postpartum depression, and postpartum psychosis. Risk factors,
screening, and treatment for depression in pregnant and parenting
adolescents and support and training to enhance primary care for
postpartum depression are also addressed. Information on how to access
selected screening tools is provided as an appendix. The brief is
available at http://nihcm.org/pdf/FINAL_MaternalDepression6-7.pdf
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4.
STUDY EXAMINES MEDICAID REFORMS IN OREGON AND THE USE OF DENTAL CARE BY
WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE
"Our results suggest that Oregon health care policy reforms from 2000
through 2005 resulted in decreased enrollment and dental care use by
three vulnerable groups: low-income pregnant women, women who had
dependent children and women in their child-bearing years who had no
dependent children," state the authors of an article published in the
June 2010 issue of the Journal of the American Dental Association.
Oregon was the first state to make changes to its Medicaid program to
prioritize treatment and implement managed care to control rising costs
and expand coverage to include more people who were previously
uninsured. These public dental insurance reforms were instituted at
about the time that dentists and physicians began to recognize the
importance of dental care for pregnant women. The article examines
patterns of dental care use among Medicaid beneficiaries after reforms
had taken place. The authors focus on the effects of changes in
Medicaid policy on women with household incomes below 100 percent of
the Federal Poverty Level who were in their childbearing years.
The researchers obtained Oregon Medicaid enrollment and claims data for
women ages 15-45 for the years 2000-2002 and for 2005 from the Oregon
Department of Human Services' Division of Medical Assistance Programs.
During the study period, the Oregon Health Plan (OHP) Plus provided
comprehensive dental care benefits for adults with children, pregnant
women, and children. OHP Standard provided only limited emergency
dental care to adults with no children. All women who were enrolled in
Medicaid were assigned to the fee-for-service (FFS) system, but they
could request care from a managed care provider. Both programs (FFS and
managed care) offered dental coverage during pregnancy and up to 2
months postpartum. The analyses examined dental service claims for
three groups of women who were eligible for Medicaid: (1) women ages
15-45 who were pregnant and enrolled in OHP Plus; (2) women ages 19-45
who were not pregnant and had at least one child (OHP Plus); and (3)
women ages 19-45 who were neither pregnant nor living with a dependent
child (OHP Standard). The researchers computed use rates for each group
and examined the number of claims in three categories (diagnostic,
preventive, and restorative). They also calculated average adjusted
rates for the periods 2000-2002 and 2005 for each of the three groups
and, within each group, compared use rates during the two periods
(2000-2002 and 2005).
When they compared the adjusted use rates in the two periods under
study (2000-2002 and 2005) for each group, the authors found that
- The average rate declined from 0.36 to 0.22 among pregnant women.
Among women who were not pregnant and had at least one child, the
average rate declined from 0.49 to 0.21. Among women who were not
pregnant and had no dependent children, the average rate declined from
0.50 to 0.19.
- Seventy-five to 85 percent of all dental claims were for
diagnostic procedures; the proportion did not differ according to group.
- Comparisons between payment systems (FFS vs. managed care)
revealed no differences in use patterns among women who were pregnant
(OHP Plus), not pregnant but living with dependent children (OHP Plus),
or in their childbearing years but neither pregnant nor living with
dependent children (OHP Standard).
"Our results show that the use of dental care, particularly preventive
and restorative care, by pregnant women and mothers was low and
decreased across time," state the authors.
Milgrom P, Lee RS-Y, Huebner CE, et al. 2010. Medicaid reforms in
Oregon and suboptimal utilization of dental care by women of
childbearing age. Journal of the American Dental Association
141(6):688-695. Abstract available at http://jada.ada.org/cgi/content/abstract/141/6/688
Readers: More information is available from the following MCH Library
resource:
- Oral Health and Pregnant Women, Infants, Children, and Adolescents:
Knowledge Path at
http://mchlibrary.info/KnowledgePaths/kp_oralhealth.html
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5.
AUTHORS ANALYZE PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT USE BY ADULTS WITH
CHRONIC PEDIATRIC DISORDERS
"We found that adults with chronic pediatric disorders use the PED
[pediatric emergency department] in substantial numbers, write the
authors of an article published in the June 2010 issue of Archives of
Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. Advances in medical technology have
markedly improved the survival of children with previously fatal
medical conditions. As a result, increasing numbers of pediatric
patients with chronic disorders are surviving into adulthood. These
adults are known as "transition patients," and they may be more likely
than other adults to seek medical attention for their acute medical
problems in a PED. The demands that transition patients currently place
on PEDs are poorly understood. Researchers and policymakers are working
to determine and to encourage the best means of providing transition
patients with appropriate emergency medical care. However, until they
have a clear picture of the current use of PEDs, it will be difficult
for them to support such use or to advocate convincingly for
alternative emergency care delivery systems. The authors of this
article sought to evaluate the use of PEDs by adults with chronic
pediatric disorders and to consider the demands for resources that they
place on PEDs and pediatric hospitals.
The authors designed a retrospective descriptive study to describe
transition patient use of the PED at a pediatric specialty hospital.
Data were collected during 2005 at the Primary Children's Medical
Center (PCMC) in Salt Lake City, UT, an urban, tertiary care,
free-standing pediatric hospital with an annual PED volume of more than
43,000 patient encounters. The main outcome measures were association
of the presenting complaint with the patient's chronic pediatric
disorder, emergency department interventions and dispositions, and
duration of inpatient admissions.
The authors found that
- PDMC's PED provided 43,261 patient evaluations during the 1-year
study period. The PED cared for adult patients in 445 (1 percent) of
the patient encounters during this period. Of this group, 197 (44
percent) were for transition patients with chronic pediatric disorders.
One hundred and thirteen transition patients accounted for these 197
visits during the study period.
- Most of these transition patients (n=87; 77 percent) had an
ongoing relationship with at least one pediatric subspecialty clinic
associated with PDMC's pediatric hospital, and many had been treated at
multiple pediatric subspecialty clinics. Transition patients with
complex congenital heart defects comprised the largest subgroup, and
those with severe global developmental delay formed the second largest.
- Transition patients presented to the PED for medical complaints
directly related to their underlying chronic pediatric disorder on 108
occasions (55 percent), while 89 (45 percent) of PED encounters were
for medical problems not directly related to the patient's chronic
pediatric disorder.
- Transition patients were 2.1 times more likely to require
hospital admission than pediatric patients. Transition patients' median
length of hospital stay was 4 days, compared with 2 days for pediatric
patients. The intensive care unit (ICU)-admission rate for transition
patients seen in the PED who required hospital admission was 35
percent, compared with 8 percent for their pediatric patient
counterparts.
The authors conclude that "as this cohort of transition patients
continues to grow, PEDs should carefully consider how best to provide
transition patients with appropriate care."
McDonnell WM, Kocolas I, Roosevelt AT, et al. 2010. Pediatric emergency
department use by adults with chronic pediatric disorders. Archives of
Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 164(6):572-576. Available at http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/164/6/572
Readers: More information is available from the following MCH Library
resource:
- Children and Adolescents with Special Health Care Needs: Knowledge
Path at
http://mchlibrary.info/KnowledgePaths/kp_CSHCN.html#transition
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MCH Alert © 1998-2010 by National Center for Education in Maternal
and
Child Health and Georgetown University. MCH Alert is produced by
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EDITOR/ADMINISTRATOR: Jolene Bertness, M.Ed.
CO-EDITOR: Tracy Lopez, M.S.L.S.
COPYEDITOR/WRITER: Ruth Barzel, M.A.
WRITER: Beth DeFrancis, M.L.S.
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