
Maternal and Child Health Library
This and past issues of the MCH Alert are available at http://www.mchlibrary.info/alert/archives.html.
November 16, 2007
1. Web Site Launched to Provide Information on Sudden
Infant Death and Related Resources
2. Toolkit Examines How Improving the Health of Women and
Children Benefits an Employer's Bottom Line
3. Journal Highlights New Evidence on ADHD in Preschool
Children
4. Authors Investigate Stress and Coping Among Mothers of
Very-Low-Birthweight Children at Age 8
5. Article Looks at Pediatricians' Involvement in and
Perspectives on Community Child Health
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Special Notice: The link to Challenges in Adolescent Health Care:
Workshop Report (item 2) as featured in the November 9, 2007, issue of
the MCH Alert was incorrect. The report is available at http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12031.html.
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1. WEB SITE LAUNCHED TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ON SUDDEN INFANT DEATH
AND RELATED RESOURCES
The National Sudden Infant Death Resource Center (NSIDRC) has launched
a new Web site to provide access to information on sudden infant death
and related topics. The Web site, developed by the National Center for
Education in Maternal and Child Health (NCEMCH) with support from the
Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), continues the work of the
National SIDS/Infant Death Resource Center, while drawing on the
extensive resource capacities and public health perspective of NCEMCH's
Maternal and Child Health Library. Selected topics include sudden
infant death syndrome, miscarriage, stillbirth, other infant deaths,
bereavement, and promotion of healthy outcomes for infants from the
prenatal period through the first year of life and beyond. Content will
include searchable databases and special issues of the MCH Alert with a
focus on infant mortality. The Web site is available at http://www.sidscenter.org.
Readers: NSIDRC works in collaboration with three other
MCHB-funded centers, all with the goal of reducing sudden infant death
and assisting bereaved families, and each with a unique purpose and
core responsibilities. The other centers include the following:
- National SIDS and Infant Death Program Support Center at First Candle
http://firstcandle.org/health/health_support.html
- National SIDS and Infant Death Project IMPACT at the Association of
SIDS and Infant Mortality Programs
http://www.sidsprojectimpact.com
- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Other Infant Death Project at the
National Center for Cultural Competence
http://www11.georgetown.edu/research/gucchd/nccc/projects/sids/index.html
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2. TOOLKIT EXAMINES HOW IMPROVING THE HEALTH OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN
BENEFITS AN EMPLOYER'S BOTTOM LINE
Investing in Maternal and Child Health: An Employer's Toolkit provides
information and resources employers can use to improve the health of
employees and their families. The toolkit, published by the National
Business Group on Health with support from the Maternal and Child
Health Bureau, outlines the unique opportunity that employers' have to
improve the health of women and children through health benefit design,
beneficiary education and engagement, and health promotion programs.
The toolkit is divided into seven sections. Topics include
recommendations on evidence-informed, comprehensive health benefits to
support child, adolescent, and pregnancy health; cost-impact
assessments of recommended benefit changes; data on the cost of
maternal and child health (MCH) care services; the business case for
investing in child and adolescent health, healthy pregnancies, and
primary care services for all beneficiaries; tools employers can use to
develop an MCH strategy, communicate the value of their MCH benefits,
and link MCH outcomes to organizational performance; strategies
employers can use to effectively communicate with beneficiaries and to
tailor existing health programs and policies to the unique needs of
children, adolescents, and pregnant women; and health education
information specifically developed for beneficiaries. The report is
available at http://www.businessgrouphealth.org/healthtopics/maternalchild/investing/docs/mch_toolkit.pdf.
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3. JOURNAL HIGHLIGHTS NEW EVIDENCE ON ADHD IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
A special section in the November 2007 issue of the Journal of Child
and Adolescent Psychopharmacology presents seven papers reporting new
findings from the six-site Preschoolers with ADHD Treatment Study
(PATS). The PATS was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of
short-term methylphenidate (MPH) and the effectiveness and tolerability
of long-term MPH in children ages 3-5 with attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). PATS was designed with investigators'
input and with input from multiple government agencies and scientific
review, and the study included 8 phases. The articles included in the
journal's special section address the following selected topics:
clinical presentation of ADHD in preschool children, predictors of
treatment response, MPH effects on functional outcomes, and parent vs.
teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms in preschool children referred for the
PATS study. Abstracts are available at http://www.liebertonline.com/toc/cap/17/5.
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4. AUTHORS INVESTIGATE STRESS AND COPING AMONG MOTHERS OF
VERY-LOW-BIRTHWEIGHT CHILDREN AT AGE 8
"At child age 8, the pattern of maternal adaptation to VLBW [very low
birthweight] birth was similar to that noted at the 3-year follow-up,
indicating significant stress in mothers of high-risk VLBW children but
largely equivalent experiences between the mothers of low-risk VLBW
children and those of term children," state the authors of an article
published in the November 2007 issue of the Journal of Pediatrics.
Although a wide range of outcomes of VLBW births has been studied,
little attention has been paid to parental adaptation to VLBW birth
beyond the neonatal period. Understanding the nature, scope, and
determinants of stress and coping in families of VLBW children can lead
to interventions to reduce stress and improve child outcomes. The
authors of the article compare severity and determinants of stress and
coping in mothers of 8-year-old VLBW and term children with varying
degrees of medical and developmental risk.
Mothers were interviewed in a longitudinal study of the outcomes of
infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (a chronic lung disease of
prematurity) and VLBW. Children with VLBW admitted to all neonatal
intensive care units in a Midwest region were prospectively enrolled
between 1989 and 1991 at birth, with follow-up at age 8. The study
sample included three groups of mothers and children: high-risk VLBW
(n=110), low-risk VLBW (n=80), and term (n=112). Mothers completed
standardized, self-report measures at the 8-year-old visit. Several
areas of stress were examined, assessing specific maternal
psychological symptoms, stress related to parenting, family impact,
marital stress, and child health concerns. Race, socioeconomic status,
maternal education, and stressful life events other than the birth of a
VLBW infant were considered confounding factors and did not differ
among groups at birth. Multiple births was also considered a
confounding variable, and its effects were examined statistically.
The authors found that
- Compared with mothers of term children, mothers of VLBW children
reported significantly fewer years of additional education, greater
concern for the health of their child, less parent-child conflict, and
less consensus in their marital or partner relationship.
- Mothers of high-risk VLBW children reported more negative family,
social, and financial impacts and more personal strain from parenting
compared with mothers of low-risk VLBW and term children.
- When their child was 8 years old, mothers of high-risk VLBW
children were less likely to use denial and mental disengagement in
coping than mothers of low-risk VLBW and term children, but no
differences in maternal psychological symptoms were found among the
groups.
- Multiple births added to negative family impact and parenting
stress.
- Lower child IQ and socioeconomic status predicted higher stress
across all domains for all mothers.
The authors conclude that "advances are needed to address maternal and
family issues to ensure the long-term optimal outcome for VLBW infants
and their families."
Singer LT, Fulton S, Kirchner L, et al. 2007. Parenting very low birth
weight children at school age: Maternal stress and coping. Journal of
Pediatrics 151(5):463-469. Abstract available at http://www.jpeds.com/article/PIIS0022347607003472/abstract.
Readers: More information is available from the following MCH Library
resources:
- Children and Adolescents with Special Health Care Needs (knowledge
path) at
http://www.mchlibrary.info/KnowledgePaths/kp_CSHCN.html
- Early Childhood Development (bibliography) at
http://www.mchlibrary.info/action.lasso?-database=Biblio&-layout=Web&-response=/databases/BibLists/bib_earlychdev.html&-MaxRecords=all&-DoScript=auto_search_earlychdev&-search
- Mental Health in Primary Care (bibliography) at
http://www.mchlibrary.info/action.lasso?-database=Biblio&-layout=Web&-response=/databases/BibLists/bib_mental.html&-MaxRecords=all&-DoScript=auto_search_mental&-search
- Women's Health (bibliography) at
http://www.mchlibrary.info/action.lasso?-database=Biblio&-layout=Web&-response=/databases/BibLists/bib_womengen.html&-MaxRecords=all&-DoScript=auto_search_womengen&-search
- Parenting (organizations resource list) at
http://www.mchlibrary.info/action.lasso?-database=Organizations&-layout=Web&-response=/databases/OrgLists/orgs_parents.html&-MaxRecords=all&-DoScript=auto_search_parents&-search
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5. ARTICLE LOOKS AT PEDIATRICIANS' INVOLVEMENT IN AND PERSPECTIVES ON
COMMUNITY CHILD HEALTH
"Pediatricians' training, perspectives, and involvement in community
child health activities vary by age," write the authors of an article
published in the November 2007 issue of Pediatrics. Many pediatric
residency programs now provide didactic and experiential training in
community pediatrics; however, it is unclear whether pediatricians who
were trained more recently have more skills or more favorable
perspectives than more established pediatricians. The objective of the
study described in this article was to examine whether pediatricians'
training, perspectives, and involvement in community activities vary by
age.
Study participants took part in the 2004 American Academy of Pediatrics
periodic survey, which includes topics important to pediatricians. The
2004 survey asked respondents about their participation in
child-health-promotion activities. For analytical purposes, four age
groups were constructed: ages 34 and younger, 35-39, 40-50, and 51 and
older.
The authors found that
- Participation in community child health tended to be least
frequent in the youngest age group (37.9% for ages 34 and younger,
44.4% for ages 35-39, 46.2% for ages 40-50, and 48.3% for ages 51 and
older).
- The majority of respondents indicated that their community
involvement is only on a volunteer basis, with the youngest age group
being the most likely to volunteer (86.8% for ages 34 or younger, 79.7%
for ages 35-39, 85.1% for ages 40-50, and 71.1% for ages 51 and older).
- A greater percentage of younger pediatricians reported that their
current level of participation is too little, whereas more than half of
pediatricians in the oldest age category believed that their
involvement is "just right."
- Younger vs. older pediatricians were more likely to sense
moderate or great responsibility for improving the health of children
in their community (83.6%, 77.2%, 76.7%, and 70.2%, respectively).
- A higher percentage of younger vs. older pediatricians expected
to increase their community involvement in the next 5 years (81.3%,
73.5%, 60.7%, and 47.1%, respectively).
The authors conclude that "prospective longitudinal studies . . . are
needed to address whether greater exposure to community training during
residency and expectations for greater involvement translate into
enhanced involvement once pediatricians are established in their
careers."
Minkovitz CS, O'Connor KG, Grason H, et al. 2007. Pediatricians'
perspectives regarding community child health: Training, involvement,
and expectations according to age. Pediatrics 120(5):1035-1043.
Abstract available at http://www.aap.org/research/abstracts/05abstract13.htm.
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MCH Alert © 1998-2007 by National Center for Education in Maternal
and
Child Health and Georgetown University. MCH Alert is produced by
Maternal and Child Health Library at the National Center for Education
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