
Maternal and Child Health Library
This and past issues of the MCH Alert are available at http://www.mchlibrary.info/alert/archives.html.
May 25, 2007
1. Online Manual Updated to Guide Development and
Implementation of School-Based Dental Sealant Programs
2. Guide Focuses on Evidence-Based Environmental
Approaches to Preventing Underage Drinking That a Community Could
Implement
3. Report Informs State Policy Decisions That Promote
Early Childhood Development
4. Journal Issue Reflects on the Effects of Disaster on
People Living in Poverty and on Minority Group Members
5. Article Summarizes Death Rates from Injury for
Children by Race and Ethnicity
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1. ONLINE MANUAL UPDATED TO GUIDE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF
SCHOOL-BASED DENTAL SEALANT PROGRAMS
Seal America: The Prevention Invention is an online manual designed to
assist health professionals in initiating and implementing a
school-based dental sealant program to help prevent dental caries in
children. The second edition of the online manual, prepared by Nancy
Carter, R.D.H., M.P.H., with assistance from the American Association
for Community Dental Programs, and produced and maintained by the
National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center, provides
practical guidance for individuals who wish to start a school-based
dental sealant program and addresses sustainability issues and issues
related to referring students with unmet oral health needs to a
dentist. Established school-based dental sealant program staff may also
find the manual of interest as they work to improve specific aspects of
their program. Contents include an introduction and information about
getting started, gaining and maintaining community support, staffing,
purchasing dental equipment and supplies, funding, developing forms and
records, tracking students, collecting and analyzing data, preparing to
launch, implementing the program, referral and follow-up, and program
evaluation. A streaming videotape segment titled Seal in a Smile is
also included. The manual is available at http://www.mchoralhealth.org/seal/index.html.
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2. GUIDE FOCUSES ON EVIDENCE-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACHES TO
PREVENTING UNDERAGE DRINKING THAT A COMMUNITY COULD IMPLEMENT
Preventing Underage Drinking: Using Getting to Outcomes with the SAMHSA
Strategic Prevention Framework to Achieve Results guides communities
through a systematic process of planning, implementation, and
evaluation that will improve results in reducing and preventing
underage drinking. The guide is based on research conducted by the RAND
Corporation with support from the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
(SAMHSA). The overarching framework for the guide is SAMHSA's Strategic
Prevention Framework (SPF), a five-step approach to prevention that
encourages comprehensive assessment, planning, and evaluation that may
be applied to many areas. The authors use the Getting to Outcomes (GTO)
model as an operating system for customizing the SPF. The GTO model
utilizes accountability questions for communities to address while
going through the SPF. The guide provides information on how a
community can utilize the SPF to address issues related to underage
drinking by answering 11 GTO accountability questions that lay out
actions to take when planning a high-quality underage drinking
prevention strategy. Each chapter in the guide includes ideas on how to
answer the accountability question, a summary checklist for each
question, and a case example of how a real community addressed the
question. Worksheets and tools that can be customized for use by
individual communities in planning, implementing, and evaluating
environmental strategies are included as appendices. The guide is
available at http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/2007/RAND_TR403.pdf.
The companion document Getting to Outcomes: Promoting Accountability
Through Methods and Tools for Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation
is available at http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/2004/RAND_TR101.pdf.
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3. REPORT INFORMS STATE POLICY DECISIONS THAT PROMOTE EARLY CHILDHOOD
DEVELOPMENT
State Early Childhood Policies: Improving the Odds highlights key
findings on state early childhood policy choices and summarizes
emerging patterns across the states. Data for the report, published by
the National Center for Children in Poverty (NCCP), were drawn from
NCCP's database of state policies to promote healthy child development,
high-quality early care and education, and effective parenting, a
framework created with input from national early childhood development
experts and the Birth to Five Policy Alliance. State policy officials
representing child care, pre-kindergarten, and maternal and child
health reviewed the state profiles for accuracy. The report is divided
into the following sections: Introduction, Why Early Childhood Policy
Matters, Setting the Context: The Health And Well-Being of Children in
America, State Policy Choices to Promote Healthy Development and School
Readiness, Putting It All Together, Recommendations, Recent
Developments, and Conclusion. The appendix contains a national summary
of state policy choices in the NCCP database. Also included are
state-by-state tables of (1) young children by income and by exposure
to risk; (2) income eligibility policies for Medicaid, the State
Children's Health Insurance Program, and the child care subsidy; and
(3) selected policy choices to support family economic security. Data
sources are also referenced. The report is intended to stimulate
dialogue, both within the states and nationally, about how to make
strategic, coherent investments in young children. The report is
available at
http://nccp.org/publications/pdf/text_725.pdf.
State-specific profiles are available at http://www.nccp.org/projects/improvingtheodds.html.
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4. JOURNAL ISSUE REFLECTS ON THE EFFECTS OF DISASTER ON PEOPLE LIVING
IN POVERTY AND ON MINORITY GROUP MEMBERS
The May 2007 issue of the Journal of Health Care for the Poor and
Underserved is dedicated to the public health implications of
Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma. The issue is anchored by an
introductory essay written by the President of Meharry Medical College
and includes a set of papers that analyze the health care
infrastructure and work force in New Orleans, highlight the challenges
and tasks ahead, take stock of the progress to date, and amplify a call
to action. The papers are authored by clinicians who worked directly
with evacuees and survivors and by faculty at Louisiana and Mississippi
institutions. Key themes among the papers in the issue include the high
incidence of chronic disease and the need for chronic disease
medication among survivors and the importance of electronic health
records. The issue, accompanied by two documentary DVDs titled Voices
of the Storm: Health Care After Katrina and After the Wind, Child,
After the Water's Gone, is available at http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_health_care_for_the_poor_and_underserved/toc/hpu18.2.html.
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5. ARTICLE SUMMARIZES DEATH RATES FROM INJURY FOR CHILDREN BY RACE AND
ETHNICITY
"Despite net declines in total injury mortality [between 1987-1998 and
1999-2002], disparities have not been eliminated," write the authors of
an article published in the May 18, 2007, issue of Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Reports. Unintentional injury is the leading cause of
death among U.S. children and adolescents ages 1-19. Mortality rates
from injury, whether unintentional or intentional, are particularly
high among certain racial and ethnic populations. This report
summarizes death rates in the United States from both unintentional and
intentional injury during 1999-2002 for infants, children, and
adolescents from birth through age 19 by race and ethnicity. This
report also compares racial and ethnic disparity in injury rates by
race during 1999-2002 with rates during the 1980s and 1990s to
determine whether progress had been made in addressing this problem.
The authors used annual mortality rates from the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention's National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), which
collects death certificate data from vital statistics offices in the 50
states and the District of Columbia. Racial and ethnic categories
examined were (1) non-Hispanic white, (2) non-Hispanic black, (3)
non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN), and (4)
non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI). This allowed comparisons
with Hispanics of every race.
Findings for unintentional injury disparities were as follows:
- Motor vehicle (MV) and traffic injury was a leading cause of
injury death among children and adolescents of all races and ages.
AI/ANs had the highest alcohol-related MV-mortality rates among racial
and ethnic populations. MV and traffic mortality rates among blacks
were higher than those among white for children ages 1-9 but lower than
rates among white infants, children, and adolescents ages 10-19.
- Drowning was a leading cause of injury death among infants,
children and adolescents, especially among black infants and among
AI/AN children and adolescents ages 1-19.
- Black children ages 1-9 had the highest rates of fire and burn
injury death, compared with other racial and ethnic populations.
- Unintentional suffocation and choking was a larger problem for
blacks and AI/ANs from birth through age 9 than for whites, Hispanics,
and A/PIs in this age group.
In regard to intentional injury disparities, the authors found that:
- Homicide rates were highest among blacks across the study age
group.
- Suicide was a major cause of death among older adolescents.
Suicides were more common among AI/AN adolescents and less common among
black adolescents, compared with white adolescents.
The authors conclude that "further injury-prevention efforts might
close this gap by targeting injury mechanisms most harmful to
minorities in each age group and by using culturally appropriate
prevention messages and strategies."
Bernard SJ, Paulozzi LJ, Wallace LJD. 2007. Fatal injuries among
children by race and ethnicity -- United States, 1999-2002. Morbidity
and Mortality Weekly Reports 56(SS05):1-16. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5605a1.htm?s_cid=ss5605a1_e.
Readers: More information is available from the MCH Library's knowledge
paths, Adolescent Violence Prevention, at http://www.mchlibrary.info/KnowledgePaths/kp_adolvio.html
and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents, at http://www.mchlibrary.info/KnowledgePaths/kp_mentalhealth.html,
from the bibliography, Adolescent Mental Health, at http://www.mchlibrary.info/action.lasso?-database=Biblio&-layout=Web&-response=/databases/BibLists/bib_adolmenhlth.html&-MaxRecords=all&-DoScript=auto_search_adolmenhlth&-search,
and from the organizations resource lists, Adolescent Violence
Prevention, at http://www.mchlibrary.info/action.lasso?-database=Organizations&-layout=Web&-response=/databases/OrgLists/orgs_adolviolence.html&-MaxRecords=all&-DoScript=auto_search_adolviolence&-search
and Injury Prevention, at http://www.mchlibrary.info/action.lasso?-database=Organizations&-layout=Web&-response=/databases/OrgLists/orgs_injury.html&-MaxRecords=all&-DoScript=auto_search_injury&-search.
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MCH Alert © 1998-2007 by National Center for Education in Maternal
and
Child Health and Georgetown University. MCH Alert is produced by
Maternal and Child Health Library at the National Center for Education
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