
Maternal and Child Health Library
This and past issues of the MCH Alert are available at http://www.mchlibrary.info/alert/archives.html.
March 2, 2007
1. Fact Sheets on Unintentional Injury and Violence Among
Adolescents and Young Adults Updated
2. Special Report on Breastfeeding Released
3. Report Raises Awareness and Examines the Impact of the
Sexualization of Girls
4. Journal Publishes New Research on Public Health
Financing
5. Article Provides Analysis of State Hearing Screening
Rates
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1. FACT SHEETS ON UNINTENTIONAL INJURY AND VIOLENCE AMONG
ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS UPDATED
The National Adolescent Health Information Center (NAHIC) has released
two updated fact sheets containing the most recent available data on
unintentional injury and violence among adolescents and young adults
(ages 10-24). The 2007 fact sheets, produced with support from the
Maternal and Child Health Bureau, highlight key findings and present
data (in color-coded figures and text) by age, gender, type, and race
and ethnicity. Information about the data sources and other notes are
also included. The 2007 Fact Sheet on Unintentional Injury: Adolescents
& Young Adults is available at http://nahic.ucsf.edu/download.php?f=/downloads/UnintInjury.pdf;
the 2007 Fact Sheet on Violence: Adolescents & Young Adults is
available at
http://nahic.ucsf.edu/download.php?f=/downloads/Violence.pdf.
A list of other NAHIC-produced briefs and fact sheets is available at http://nahic.ucsf.edu/index.php/data/article/briefs_fact_sheets.
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2. SPECIAL REPORT ON BREASTFEEDING RELEASED
The supplement to the January-February 2007 issue of Obstetrics and
Gynecology contains a special report on breastfeeding guidelines. The
report, titled Breastfeeding: Maternal and Infant Aspects, was
developed by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG)
Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women and the ACOG Committee
on Obstetric Practice to support clinical care for women and to foster
change in the public environment that will support breastfeeding.
Topics include
- Benefits of breastfeeding and obstacles to breastfeeding
- Who can breastfeed and who should not breastfeed
- Preconception and prenatal education on breastfeeding
- Labor and delivery
- Postpartum support for breastfeeding, postpartum education on
breastfeeding, and postpartum care
- Contraception
- Vaccination
- Maintaining milk supply
- Bottle supplements and pacifiers
- Interruption of breastfeeding
- Breast pain
- Working mothers and time away
- Breastfeeding expectations in daily life
- How long to breastfeed
Other topics of discussion include the following: (1) research on
established and potential protective effects of human milk and
breastfeeding on infants, (2) hospital practices to encourage and
support breastfeeding, (3) breast cancer detection, and (4) emerging
issues (environmental toxins, milk banks). A conclusion and references
are also provided.
The report is intended for use by health professionals to ensure that
women have the correct information to make an informed decision and to
ensure that each woman has the help and support necessary to breastfeed
successfully. The report is available at http://www.breastfeedingtaskforla.org/ACOG%20statement%20on%20BF.pdf.
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3. REPORT RAISES AWARENESS AND EXAMINES THE IMPACT OF THE SEXUALIZATION
OF GIRLS
Report of the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls examines and
summarizes psychological theory, research, and clinical experience
addressing the sexualization of girls. For the purposes of the report,
sexualization occurs when one or more of the following conditions is
present: (1) a person’s value comes only from his or her sexual appeal
or behavior, to the exclusion of other characteristics; (2) a person is
held to a standard that equates physical attractiveness (narrowly
defined) with being sexy; (3) a person is sexually objectified -- that
is, made into a thing for others’ sexual use, rather than seen as a
person with the capacity for independent action and decision-making;
(4) a sexuality is inappropriately imposed upon a person. The authors
of the report, published by the American Psychological Association,
address how the prevalence and effects of sexualization may vary among
girls from different ethnic, socioeconomic, religious, and family
backgrounds, as well as among girls of different sexual orientations.
They discuss (1) examples of sexualization in society and in cultural
institutions, as well as interpersonally and intrapsychically; (2)
evidence suggesting that sexualization has negative consequences for
girls and for the rest of society; and (3) positive alternatives that
may help counteract the influence of sexualization. Recommendations for
research, practice, education, training, policy, and public awareness
are presented. The report concludes with a list of references and
media-literacy
resources. An executive summary is available at http://www.apa.org/pi/wpo/sexualization_report_summary.pdf.
The full report is available at http://www.apa.org/pi/wpo/sexualizationrep.pdf.
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4. JOURNAL PUBLISHES NEW RESEARCH ON PUBLIC HEALTH FINANCING
The March-April 2007 issue of the Journal of Public Health Management
and Practice is dedicated to public health financing topics. The
special journal issue was published with support from the Robert Wood
Johnson Foundation and is one of several initiatives the foundation has
undertaken to help build the field of public health systems research.
Selected topics addressed by contributors to the issue include (1) how
theories and concepts from related fields are applied to the practice
of public health and used to advance the public health finance agenda;
(2) the benefits of a strong public health system and how inadequate
support continues to undermine the ability to meet needs, reduce
disparities, and respond to emergencies; (3) an overview of the
financial impact of Hurricane Katrina on the City of New Orleans Health
Department and implications for future funding mechanisms; (4) an
examination of state and local budgeting patterns to document financing
trends at the federal and state levels; (5) a proposed framework for
identifying funding opportunities based on current federal allocation
strategies; and (6) how the breakdown of appropriation dollars may
conflict with established public health frameworks, such as the 10
Essential Services. The issue is available at http://www.jphmp.com/pt/re/jphmp/currenttoc.htm;jsessionid=Fb5PnyyGJPLf3khhD20PwkP1GZL8cLHsfWVX2LpwWylyCmyvvXzW!2089961419!-949856144!8091!-1.
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5. ARTICLE PROVIDES ANALYSIS OF STATE HEARING SCREENING RATES
"Although the gap in screening rates has diminished among states
without legislation or non-mandatory legislation when compared with
those having mandates, states without mandates remain less likely to
achieve the benchmark that 95% of all newborns be screened for hearing
loss before 1 month of age," state the authors of an article published
in the March-April 2007 issues of Public Health Reports. During the
20th century, state and federal legislation proved to be an important
component in many public health achievements. Newborn hearing screening
initially became a focus of state legislation beginning in the
1970s,with legislation targeted at high-risk populations. More
recently, state legislation requiring the screening of most infants has
been enacted. The primary objective of the study described in this
article was to determine whether states with universal newborn hearing
screening (UNHS) legislation screened a higher percentage of infants
for hearing loss than states without UNHS legislation.
The authors obtained estimated state hearing screening data for
calendar years 2000 through 2003 from state hearing screening programs.
States were classified into one of three categories for each year from
2000 to 2003: (1) implemented legislation, (2) partial legislation
(states in which legislation had been passed but not yet implemented),
and (3) no legislation.
The authors found that
- States with implemented legislation had significantly higher
screening rates across all years than states with no legislation.
However, the difference in the percentage screened between states with
and without legislation decreased during the study period.
- The percentage of states achieving the 95% screening rate
benchmark set by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH) in 2000
has increased over time in both the legislation and no-legislation
groups. Despite this, states with implemented legislation were
significantly more likely to reach the target.
- An analysis of finalized 2004 screening data indicated that, in
2004, 85% of states with implemented legislation reached the JCIH 95%
screening benchmark, compared with 25% for states with no legislation
and 42.9% of states with partial legislation.
The authors conclude that "while other factors undoubtedly affect how
many infants are screened, legislation is a tool that could help to
raise the national screening level to the 95% screening target."
Green DR, Gaffney M, Devine O, et al. 2007. Determining the effect of
newborn hearing screening on legislation: An analysis of state hearing
screening rates. Public Health Reports 122(2):198-205. Available at http://www.publichealthreports.org/userfiles/122_2/11_PHR122-2_198-205.pdf.
Readers: More information is available from the MCH Library's knowledge
path, Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment (EPSDT)
Services, at http://www.mchlibrary.info/KnowledgePaths/kp_EPSDT.html
and from the bibliography, Neonatal Screening, at http://www.mchlibrary.info/action.lasso?-database=Biblio&-layout=Web&-response=/databases/BibLists/bib_neoscrn.html&-MaxRecords=all&-DoScript=auto_search_neoscrn&-search.
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and
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