Health
Insurance and Access to Care for Children and Adolescents
Knowledge
Path
Knowledge Path Table of Contents
- Websites
- Additional Electronic Publications
- Databases: Data, Literature and Research, and Programs
- News and Commentary
- Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs
- Community Services Locator
- Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment (EPSDT) Services
- Emotional, Behavioral, and Mental Health Challenges
- Oral Health
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health
Please provide feedback on this knowledge path.
This knowledge path about child and
adolescent health insurance and access to care has
been compiled by the MCH Library at Georgetown University.
It offers a selection of current, high-quality resources
for professionals
(health professionals, program administrators, policymakers,
and researchers) that analyze data, describe effective
programs, and
report on policy and research aimed at advancing
health coverage and improving health care access
for children and adolescents. Emphasis is placed
on Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program
(CHIP). Separate sections present resources
about health reform and
outreach and enrollment. Separate briefs point to resources
for families and schools. This knowledge path will be updated periodically.
Please note: The Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act (CHIPRA)
of 2009 extends and expands the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)
enacted in 1997. CHIPRA refers to the program as CHIP, not SCHIP. Several publications
in this knowledge path were published before CHIPRA was signed into law, and
therefore, use the acronym SCHIP.
See Covering Health Issues, 5th ed (2010), a briefing book by the Alliance for Health Reform. Chapter 6 addresses children's health coverage and offers facts, background information, policy debate summaries, tips and story ideas for reporters covering this topic, and a list of experts with contact information.
- Agency
for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).
Evidence-based information on health care outcomes;
quality; and cost, use, and access. Resources
and initiatives include
Child Health Care Quality Toolbox: Measuring Quality in Children's Health Programs. Tips and tools to help state and local policymakers and program administrators evaluate Medicaid, CHIP, Title V, and other health programs for children and adolescents.
CHIPRA Children's Health Care Quality Measurement and Improvement Activities. Outlines activities and resources related to the quality provisions of the Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act (CHIPRA).
Child Health Insurance Research Initiative (CHIRI™). Program information and research findings for policymakers to help them improve access to, and the quality of, health care for children and adolescents from families with low incomes.
Impact of Primary Care Case Management (PCCM) Implementation in Medicaid and SCHIP. (2009). [Issue brief].
What Has Been Learned About Expanding Children's Health Insurance? (2009). [Issue brief].
- Alliance
for Health Reform: Child Health Insurance.
Webcasts, transcripts, and background materials
about child and adolescent health insurance
and access to care. The alliance is a nonpartisan,
nonprofit group aiming to inform policymakers,
journalists, and advocates about health coverage
issues. Recent resources include
Children's Health Coverage: Medicaid, CHIP, and Next Steps. (2009). [Webcast, Podcast, Transcript, Meeting Summary, Background materials].
- American
Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Initiatives
and resources that address child and adolescent
health insurance and access to health care
include
2009 Pediatric Medical Cost Model, rev. ed. (2009). This is an actuarial analysis of net medical costs paid by insurers for physician services for children during 2008.
2009 State Legislation Report. (2010). This report outlines state legislative activity on 10 children's health issues including Medicaid, CHIP, and access to health care.
Community Access to Child Health (CATCH) Program. Grant information and tools for this program to improve access to health care by supporting pediatricians and communities that are involved in community-based efforts for children.
Healthy Tomorrows Partnership for Children Program (HTPCP). Information about this grant program to support community-based efforts to improve access to health care for families.
Also see AAP's resources about health reform.
- Catalyst
Center: Improving Financing of Care for Children
and Youth with Special Health Care Needs.
Reports, issue briefs, data, and PowerPoint
presentations for policymakers, program administrators,
and health professionals about improving health
insurance and financing for children and adolescents
with special health care needs. Catalyst is
a national center located at the Boston University
School of Public Health and funded by the Maternal
and Child Health Bureau (MCHB). Recent
resources include
Breaking the Link Between Special Health Care Needs and Financial Hardship. (2009). [Report].
State-at-a-Glance Chartbook on Coverage and Financing for Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs. Data on selected indicators of health coverage and health care financing for children and adolescents with special health care needs in every state plus Washington, DC and Puerto Rico.
Also see the Catalyst Center reports about health reform.
- Census
Bureau. Data about health
insurance coverage in the United States.
Recent reports include
Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2008, rev. ed. (2009). [Report].
- Center
for Children and Families (CCF). Analyses
of federal policy developments and state-based
initiatives affecting the health insurance
coverage of America's families. CCF is an independent,
nonpartisan policy and research center based
at Georgetown University's Health Policy Institute.
Recent resources include
Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009: Overview and Summary. (2009). [Report].
Five Reasons Not to Add Red Tape to Your Child and Family Health Programs. (2010). [Issue brief].
State Resource Center. Fact sheets, statistics, in-depth analyses, and tools to assist states in advancing health coverage for children and families.
Understanding the New Quality Initiatives in CHIPRA. (2010). [Issue brief].
Weathering the Storm: States Move Forward on Child and Family Health Coverage Despite Tough Economic Climate (2009). [Report].
Also see CCF's blog, health reform resources, and resources about outreach and enrollment.
- Center
on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP): Health.
Articles and analyses, podcasts, video, and
background information about health reform
and insurance coverage, including Medicaid
and CHIP. CBPP is a nonpartisan research and
policy organization that focuses on federal
and state fiscal policy and public programs
that affect families and individuals with low
or moderate incomes. Also see CBPP's Start
Healthy, Stay Healthy Campaign.
- Centers
for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS).
Information about Medicaid and CHIP,
including program guidance and information
about enrollment and coverage, demonstration
projects, and special initiatives. Offers an overview of
the EPSDT program, which provides comprehensive
health services for infants, children, and
adolescents enrolled in Medicaid and a fact
sheet that describes the required services
for EPSDT within each state's Medicaid program.
- Commonwealth
Fund. Reports, data, webinars, podcasts, newsletters,
and a blog on
topics that include child and adolescent health
and development, health insurance, state health
policy, and health reform.
The Commonwealth Fund is a private foundation
supporting independent research on health care
issues and making grants to improve health
care practice and policy. A sample of recent
publications include
Building Medical Homes in State Medicaid and CHIP Programs. (2009). [Report].
Getting and Keeping Coverage: States' Experiences with Citizenship Documentation Rules. (2009). [Report, charts].
Implementation Choices for the Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009. (2009). [Report]. A webinar followed the release of the report. View presentations from the event.
Medicaid and CHIP Strategies for Improving Child Health. (2009). [Report, charts].
- Families
USA. Background information, issue
briefs, fact sheets, charts, state news, advocacy
tools, a blog,
and newsletters and
about Medicaid, CHIP, CHIPRA, and health reform.
Families USA advocates at the national, state,
and community levels for high-quality, affordable
health care for all Americans. Recent resources
include
CHIPRA Implementation Series: Exploring New Opportunities for Children's Coverage. [Issue brief series].
Medicaid and Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) Eligibility by State. (2010). [Chart].
Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) Soften the Blow During Tough Economic Times. (2009). [Fact sheet].
Medicaid: Making It Work for Consumers. Resources for consumer-assistance programs, states, and advocates to help consumers establish their eligibility for Medicaid and to get Medicaid to cover their health care needs.
Summary of Final CHIP Reauthorization Bill. (2009). [Fact sheet].
- Health
Resources and Services Administration/Maternal
and Child Health Bureau (MCHB).
EPSDT and Title V Collaboration to Improve Child Health. Information about EPSDT and about opportunities for collaboration between Title V and Medicaid to improve EPSDT services. Presents strategies for improving EPSDT administration and performance. Resources address systems of care issues, family supports, data monitoring, and evolving EPSDT policy.
HRSA Medicaid Primer. Fact sheets to assist state and local health officials in understanding how Medicaid works and how it can ensure access to health services for underserved populations, including eligible infants, children, and adolescents.
State MCH-Medicaid Coordination: A Review of Title V and Title XIX Interagency Agreements (2nd Ed). (2008). [Report].
Also see the Title V Information System (TVIS), the Discretionary Grant Information System (DGIS), and the MCH Library.
- Insure
Kids Now: For Professionals. Information,
policy guidance, and data about Medicaid and
CHIP. Includes CMS guidance on CHIPRA implementation
and information about and tools to support outreach
and enrollment efforts underway and funded
by CHIPRA.
- Kaiser
Family Foundation (KFF). An extensive
collection of resources about children's health
insurance coverage and care under Medicaid
and CHIP, private
health insurance, and health
reform. KaiserEDU.org offers
online tutorials and links to research, policy
analysis, and data for faculty and students
about Medicaid
and CHIP, the uninsured,
and health
reform. KFF is a nonprofit, private operating
foundation focusing on the major health care
issues facing the United States, as well as
the U.S. role in global health policy. A selection
of recent publications includes
Children's Health Insurance Reauthorization Act of 2009 (CHIPRA). (2009). [Fact sheet].
CHIP TIPS. (2009). This series of briefs highlights opportunities for covering children under Medicaid and CHIP.
Emerging Health Information Technology for Children in Medicaid and SCHIP Programs. (2008). [Report].
Health Coverage of Children: The Role of Medicaid and CHIP. (2009). [Fact sheet].
Impact of Medicaid and SCHIP on Low-Income Children's Health. (2009). [Policy brief].
Medicaid Beneficiaries and Access to Care. (2009). [Fact sheet].
Oral Health Coverage and Care for Low-Income Children: The Role of Medicaid and CHIP, rev. ed. (2009). [Policy brief].
Protecting Children During the Recession: Spotlight on State Health Coverage Efforts. (2009). [Issue brief].
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Access to Care Among Children: How Does Medicaid Do in Closing the Gaps? (2009). [Report].
Also see statehealthfacts.org, the Medicaid Benefits Online Database, Kaiser Health News, and resources about health reform and outreach and enrollment.
- Mathematica
Policy Research, Inc. Data and
analysis to inform decision making about health
insurance coverage for children, including Medicaid
and CHIP and national
health reform. Mathematica, a nonpartisan
research firm, conducts research and data collection
to improve public well-being. Publications
includes
Covering Kids and Families Evaluation. Synthesis of 10 Case Studies: Exploring Medicaid and SCHIP Enrollment Trends and Their Links to Policy and Practice. (2009). [Report].
National Evaluation of the State Children's Health Insurance Program: A Decade of Expanding Coverage and Improving Access. (2007). [Report].
SCHIP Children: How Long Do They Stay and Where Do They Go? (2009). [Issue brief].
- National
Academy for State Health Policy (NASHP).
State policy and program information and analyses,
research, and tools about health insurance
coverage and access to care and health reform.
NASHP is an independent academy of state health
policymakers working together to identify emerging
issues, develop policy solutions, and improve
state health policy and practice. Also see
NASHP's Maximizing Enrollment
for Kids program.
- National
Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL): Health.
Background information, federal and state legislative
news and bill summaries, issue briefs, reports,
and multimedia resources for state policymakers
about health insurance, access to health care,
Medicaid and CHIP, and health reform. NCSL,
an association of state lawmakers and legislative
staff members, conducts research and offers
technical assistance on state issues, including
health policy.
- National
Health Law Program (NHeLP). Fact sheets,
issue briefs, case dockets, and legal transmittals
about Medicaid and CHIP. NHeLP is a national
public-interest law firm that aims to improve
health care for families with low incomes,
minorities, the elderly, and people with disabilities.
Recent publications include
Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act. (2009). [Analysis].
Medicaid EPSDT Litigation. (2009). [Fact sheet].
- National
Health Policy Forum. Issue briefs,
papers, and glossaries about health insurance
and the uninsured, Medicaid and CHIP, and health
reform. NHPF is based at the George Washington
University and offers educational programming
designed to help congressional and federal
agency staff become better informed about current
health policy issues. Recent publications include
Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP): The Fundamentals. (2009). [Paper].
- Urban
Institute (UI): Health Policy Center.
Research and analysis about issues affecting
child and adolescent health insurance, access
to care, and health reform. UI is a nonpartisan
economic and social policy research organization.
See UI's publications about outreach
and enrollment.
Additional Electronic Publications
- Allen K. 2008. Medicaid
Managed Care for Children in Child Welfare.
Hamilton, NJ: Center
for Health Care Strategies, Inc. This issue
brief describes the complex needs of children
in child welfare and outlines how states and
health plans can customize managed care to meet
their needs.
- Bureau
of Primary Health Care (BPHC). 2008. Health
Centers: America's Primary Care Safety Net, Reflections
on Success, 2002–2007. Rockville, MD: Health
Resources and Services Administration (HRSA).
This report describes federally funded safety
net health center programs, populations served,
services provided, the model of care used, financing,
performance, community partnerships, and future
challenges and opportunities.
- Chandra A, Gresenz CR, Blanchard
JC, Cuellar AE, Ruder T, Chen AY, Gillen EM. 2009. Health
and Health Care Among District of Columbia Youth.
Santa Monica, CA: RAND
Corporation. This report assesses health and
health care use among more than 100,000 children
and adolescents residing in Washington, DC. The
report outlines key findings about health insurance,
access to health care, and specific health conditions.
An executive
summary and related research
brief are also available.
- Chay KY, Guryan J, Mazumder B.
2009. Birth
Cohort and the Black-White Achievement Gap: The
Roles of Access and Health Soon After Birth.
Cambridge, MA: National
Bureau of Economic Research. This paper examines
data from average test scores and measures of health
to analyze how access to health care when very
young affects the later achievements of blacks
relative to whites.
- Effros R. 2010. Analysis
of Medicaid/SCHIP Eligibility. Santa Monica,
CA: RAND Corporation.
This report analyzes how expanding Medicaid/SCHIP
eligibility would affect health system performance
along nine dimensions.
- Government
Accountability Office (GAO). 2010. Medicaid
and CHIP: Enrollment, Benefits, Expenditures,
and Other Characteristics of State Premium Assistance
Programs. Washington, DC: Government Accountability
Office. This report describes cost and coverage
issues related to state premium assistance programs
receiving Medicaid and CHIP funds.
- Government
Accountability Office (GAO). 2009. Medicaid
Preventive Services: Concerted Efforts Needed
to Ensure Beneficiaries Receive Services.
Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office.
This report examines the provision of preventive
services for children and adults in the Medicaid
program, including the extent to which state
Medicaid programs monitor and promote EPSDT services
for children.
- Government
Accountability Office (GAO). 2009. State
Children's Health Insurance Program: CMS Should
Improve Efforts to Assess Whether SCHIP Is Substituting
for Private Insurance. Washington, DC: Government
Accountability Office. This report describes
the adequacy of efforts by CMS and states to
measure and then minimize the number of individuals
substituting SCHIP for private insurance, known
as "crowd-out."
- Guttmacher
Institute. 2010. Minors'
Access to Prenatal Care. New York, NY: Guttmacher
Institute. This fact sheet provides information
about state laws regarding a minor's ability
to access prenatal care. Also see the Guttmacher
Institute's fact sheets, Minors'
Access to Contraceptive Services (2010) and Minors'
Access to STI Services (2010).
- Institute
of Medicine (IOM). 2009. America's
Uninsured Crisis: Consequences for Health and
Health Care. Washington, DC: National
Academies Press. This report examines the
dynamics driving downward trends in health insurance
coverage, the consequence of uninsurance to children
and adults, and whether insured people are affected
by high rates of uninsurance in their communities.
- King J, Slifkin R, Homes M. 2009. Characteristics
of Rural and Urban Children Who Qualify for Medicaid
or CHIP but Are Not Enrolled. Chapel Hill,
NC: North
Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis
Center. This brief describes the characteristics
of rural and urban children who qualify for Medicaid
or CHIP but are not enrolled. Also see the companion
brief, Medicaid
and CHIP Participation Among Rural and Urban
Children (2009).
- Lawrence RS, Gootman JA, Sim LJ,
eds. 2009. Adolescent
Health Services: Missing Opportunities. Washington,
DC: National Academies
Press. This report addresses current adolescent
health status and services, improving systems of
adolescent health services, preparing a work force
to meet adolescents' health needs, and health insurance
and access to adolescent health services.
- Levine PB, Schanzenbach DW. 2009. The
Impact of Children's Public Health Insurance
Expansions on Educational Outcomes. Cambridge,
MA: National Bureau
of Economic Research (NBER). This paper examines
the impact of public health insurance expansions
through Medicaid and CHIP on children's educational
outcomes.
- Levine PB, McKnight R, Heep S.
2009. Public
Policy, Health Insurance and the Transition to
Adulthood. Cambridge, MA: National
Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). This paper
assesses the impact of two policies designed to
increase insurance coverage for older adolescents
and young adults.
- Napel ST, Bulchis
A, Friedenzohn I, McGlynn C. 2010. State
of the States 2010: The State We're In. Washington,
DC: AcademyHealth.
This annual report describes trends in state health
care cost and coverage, state eligibility levels
for Medicaid and CHIP, state outreach and enrollment
efforts for CHIP, state health insurance reform,
and state health care delivery system and payment
reform.
- National
Adolescent Health Information Center (NAHIC).
2008. Fact
Sheet on Health Care Access and Utilization:
Adolescents and Young Adults. San Francisco,
CA: University of California, San Francisco.
This fact sheet contains data on health insurance
coverage, preventive and other health services,
and unmet health care needs among adolescents
and young adults ages 12–24, including
those with special health care needs.
- National Advisory Committee on Rural Health and Human Services. 2009. The
2009 Report to the Secretary: Rural Health and
Human Service Issues. Washington, DC: National
Advisory Committee on Rural Health and Human
Services. This report describes three important
issues affecting health and human service delivery
in rural communities and recommends solutions.
The issues are work force and community development,
creating viable patient-centered medical homes
in rural areas, and serving children who are
at risk.
- Office
of the Inspector General. 2010. Most
Medicaid Children in Nine States Are Not Receiving
All Required Preventive Screening Services.
Washington, DC: Department
of Health and Human Services (DHHS). This
report describes the extent to which children
in nine states received Medicaid Early and Periodic
Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment (EPSDT)
screenings. The report also describes state efforts
to increase EPSDT-eligible children's participation
in EPSDT screenings and the completeness of EPSDT
medical screenings.
- Perry M. 2009. Reducing
Enrollee Churning in Medicaid, Child Health Plus,
and Family Health Plus: Findings from Eight Focus
Groups with Recently Disenrolled Individuals.
New York, NY: NYS
Health Foundation. This report describes
the challenges faced by individuals in recertifying
to retain their public health benefits and the
problems they face after losing those benefits.
- Reagin A. 2009. Strengthening
Health Care for Children: Primary Care and the
Medical Home. Washington, DC: National
Business Group on Health. This issue brief
examines the role of employers, as purchasers
of health benefits, in making changes that will
improve the quality of children's health care
and expand access to it.
- Southern
Institute on Children and Families. 2009. Medicaid
and CHIP Retention: A Key Strategy to Reducing
the Uninsured. Columbia, SC: Southern Institute
on Children and Families. This report describes
Medicaid and CHIP retention issues identified
by eight states and effective improvement strategies
for improving retention rates.
- Stebbins H. 2009. Making
Maternal and Child Health a Priority. New
York, NY: National
Center for Children in Poverty. This fact
sheet examines state policy choices that promote
access to high-quality health care for mothers
and children.
The databases listed below are excellent tools for identifying data, additional literature and research, and programs about health insurance and access to health care for children and adolescents. Many of the entries below contain tips on how to use the databases efficiently. Please note that databases vary in how terms should be entered; for example, some require quotation marks and others don't. Enter search phrases as shown in bold below.
- ChildStats.gov.
Data and reports about children and families, including
family and social environment, economic circumstances,
health care, physical environment and safety, behavior,
education, and health. View statistics about health
insurance coverage and source of health care. ChildStats.gov
is a service of the Federal Interagency Forum on
Child and Family Statistics.
- Data
Resource Center for Child and Adolescent Health
(DRC). Data from the National Survey
of Children's Health and the National Survey
of Children with Special Health Care Needs.
View national and state data on over 100 indicators
of child health and well-being, including health
insurance coverage and access to health care
services. DRC is a project of the Child
and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative
(CAHMI). View background information about
the data-collection mechanism, State
and Local Area Integrated Telephone Survey
(SLAITS), along with additional data and
survey modules.
- Healthcare
Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP): HCUPnet.
Data on hospital inpatient and emergency department
utilization at the national and state levels,
including use of hospitals by children and
hospital stays by payer (e.g., Medicaid, private
insurance, uninsured). HCUP is an initiative
of the Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality (AHRQ).
- KIDS
COUNT Data Center. National and state
data to track the status of infants, children,
and adolescents in the United States. Data
categories include demographics, education,
economic well-being, health (includes health
insurance coverage), family and community,
vital statistics, and indicators by race and
ethnicity. KIDS COUNT is a project of the Annie
E. Casey Foundation (AECF).
- Medical
Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Data
on the cost and use of health care and health
insurance coverage from large-scale surveys
of families and individuals, their medical
providers, and employers across the United
States. MEPS is sponsored by the Agency
for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).
- National
Health Interview Survey. National data
on a broad range of health topics including
health insurance coverage and access to health
care. The survey is sponsored by the National
Center for Health Statistics.
- National
Quality Measures Clearinghouse™
(NQMC). Evidence-based health care quality
measures and measure sets for physicians, hospitals,
and health plans to evaluate and improve the quality
of health care for consumers. Identify measures on
this topic by clicking on Detailed Search and entering insurance,
health OR health services accessibility in the
Keyword field of the search form. Under Age Range,
select the categories for adolescent, child, and
infant. Hold down the control key (ctrl) or Apple
command key and click your mouse to make multiple
selections. Click on Search to get your results.
The database is sponsored by the Agency
for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).
- statehealthfacts.org.
State-level data on demographics, health status,
health coverage and the uninsured, Medicaid and
CHIP, health costs and budgets, Medicare, managed
care and health insurance, providers and service
use, minority health, women's health, and HIV/AIDS.
Information is displayed as bar graphs, tables,
or color-coded maps. View individual state profiles
or compare data for all states by category. statehealthfacts.org
is a project of the Kaiser Family
Foundation. Kaiser also offers customizable state
Medicaid fact sheets. For detailed information
about the Medicaid benefit packages in each state,
see Kaiser's Medicaid
Benefits Online Database.
- State
Health Access Data Assistance Center (SHADAC):
Data Center. Health insurance
coverage estimates from the Current Population
Survey's Annual Social and Economic Supplement
(CPS) and the American Community Survey (ACS).
Customize tables of health insurance coverage
estimates within a pre-defined set of parameters
(i.e., by state or nationally, by year, by
age range, and/or by poverty status).
- Title
V Information System (TVIS). Data from
annual Title V Block Grant applications and
reports submitted by all 59 U.S. states and
jurisdictions. To identify information on the
topic, conduct several searches. Select Program
Data and view data reports in the sections,
Individuals Served, Medicaid/Non Medicaid Comparison,
and Medicaid and CHIP Eligibility. Also select
Measurement and Indicator Data and click on
National Performance Measures to select and
view data about national goals for providing
children and adolescents with health insurance
and access to health care in each state. Next,
select Measurement and Indicator Data and State
Priority Needs Keyword Search. Select the keywords, Access
to Health Care and Insurance, from
the list (each term must be searched separately).
Add Population (e.g., adolescents, children,
infants) to the keyword search. The selections,
State Performance Measures and State Outcome
Measures also provide information about how
states are addressing this issue. TVIS is a
service of the Maternal
and Child Health Bureau (MCHB). Also see
MCHB's Discretionary Grant
Information System (DGIS).
- Also see the Catalyst
Center chartbook and the data analyses and
resources of the Census Bureau.
- MCH Library at the National
Center for Education in Maternal and Child
Health (NCEMCH), Georgetown University.
Databases to collect, manage, and disseminate
knowledge about maternal and child health (MCH),
with special emphasis on knowledge gained from
initiatives and programs supported by the Maternal
and Child Health Bureau (MCHB). The library's
bibliographic database is
MCHLine®. Online catalog of materials in the MCH Library with many items about this topic. Conduct two separate searches in the keyword field of the database search form using the terms "health insurance" and "access to health care" Narrow your searches by adding a publication year or range of years. Selections of recent items are listed in the bibliography Outreach Programs and Strategies.
Also see the MCH Organizations Database and the MCH Projects Database.
- PubMed.
Over 20 million citations for biomedical articles
from MEDLINE and life science journals. Citations
may include links to full-text articles from PubMed
Central or publisher websites. To identify citations
on the topic, enter the phrase insurance, health
OR health services accessibility in the search
box. Click on Limits and make the following selections
on the page: select a date (e.g. Published in the
last 2 years); click on Languages: English; click
on Ages: All Child; and select Search Field Tags:
MeSH Major Topic. Click on Search to get your results.
To narrow your search further or for additional
searches, use the MeSH
(Medical Subject Headings) database to identify
terms (e.g., Medicaid, medically uninsured). PubMed
is a service of the National
Library of Medicine (NLM).
- Community
Pediatrics Grants Database. Archive
of community pediatrics grant projects. Identify
projects by selecting a topic (e.g., Access/Barriers
to Health Care, SCHIP Outreach). The database
is a service of the American
Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
- Discretionary
Grant Information System (DGIS).
Information about more than 900 grants issued
by the Maternal
and Child Health Bureau (MCHB). To identify
grant information on the topic, select Abstracts
and click on Advanced Search. Enter keywords,
such as access to health care, insurance, Medicaid (each
term must be searched separately and there
will be some overlap in search results). Refine
your searches by adding information to the
other categories on the search form. Click
on Search to get your results. To find products
and publications produced by MCHB training
grantees, select Program Data; select Training;
select Search Products and Publications; and
select Advanced Search. Enter keywords, such
as access to health care, insurance, Medicaid (each
term must be searched separately and there
will be some overlap in search results). Select
a type of publication or publication year(s)
to narrow your search. Click on Search to get
your results.
- First
Focus: ChildrensBudget.org. Annual
funding information for each federally supported
program that benefits children. For information
about health programs, go to the box, Search
Programs. Under Policy Area/Category, select
Health. Click on Search Programs.
- Health
Services Research Projects in Progress (HSRProj).
Information about ongoing health services research
and public health projects. To identify projects
on the topic, click on Advanced Search. Enter
the search phrase (child OR adolescent)
AND (insurance, health OR health services accessibility).
Select project date ranges, project status,
and/or a state to narrow your search. Click
on Search to get your results. Try other search
terms, such as Medicaid or medically uninsured.
HSRProj is funded by the National
Library of Medicine (NLM).
- MCH Library at the National
Center for Education in Maternal and Child
Health (NCEMCH), Georgetown University.
MCH Organizations Database. Information about more than 2,000 government, professional, and voluntary organizations involved in MCH activities, primarily at a national level. Find organizations focusing on the topic by conducting two separate searches in the database using the terms "health insurance" and "access to health care" in the keyword field of the database search form. There will be some overlap in the records identified in these searches.
MCH Projects Database. Online catalog of projects funded by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) through October 1, 2002. To identify projects about child health insurance and access to health care, conduct three searches using the terms "health insurance", "access to health care", and "healthy tomorrows" in the abstract field of the database search form. There will be some overlap in the records identified in these searches. Also see MCHB's Discretionary Grant Information System (DGIS) and the Healthy Tomorrows projects, which focus on linking together the resources that children need to access health services.
- Medicaid
Benefits Online Database. Information
about benefits covered, populations served,
and the limitations, co-payments, and reimbursement
policies that apply to Medicaid benefits for
all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and
U.S. territories. This database is a service
of the Kaiser Family Foundation
(KFF).
- State
Coverage Initiatives (SCI): Coverage By State.
Click on a state to find out about the state's
health coverage programs and coverage strategies.
- Center
for Children and Families: Say Ahhh! A Children's
Health Policy Blog. This blog
focuses on expanding affordable health insurance
coverage options for children and families.
The left sidebar lists other health policy
blogs.
- Commonwealth
Fund: Newsletters. This collection
of newsletters addresses health reform, health
care quality, state health policy, federal
health policy, and newly released Commonwealth
Fund resources. The Commonwealth
Fund Blog presents analysis and commentary
about health reform and other pressing health
policy issues.
- Families
USA: State Health Beat. This electronic
newsletter reports on the activities of state
health care advocates. The Stand
Up for Health Care blog offers analysis
and commentary about health reform, children's
health, Medicaid, and other health policy topics.
Also sign up for the Health
Action Network for e-mail updates with
information and action steps on Medicaid, Medicare,
children's health, private insurance, and other
important health care developments.
- Kaiser
Health News. Coverage of health
policy issues and developments at the federal
and state levels and trends in the delivery
of health care and in the marketplace. Presents
daily summaries of major health care news from
across the nation, as well as original videos
and a broad range of commentary on topics that
include health reform, Medicaid, and the uninsured.
This is a selection of the many health reform resources available electronically. This collection includes several websites that address health reform measures related to children and adolescents and several websites that provide coverage and analysis of federal and state health reform activities. Many of the websites listed in the General Resources for Professionals section also address health reform as noted in the website description for each.
- American
Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Health Care Reform.
Fact sheets, press releases, and testimony
about implementing the health reform law to
provide the best possible outcomes for children
and the pediatricians who care for them.
- Association
of Maternal and Child Health Programs (AMCHP):
National Center for Health Reform Implementation. Summary
of MCH-related provisions in the federal health
reform bills and links to health reform implementation
timelines, summaries, and fact sheets.
- Catalyst
Center: Improving Financing of Care for Children
and Youth with Special Health Care Needs.
Health Care Reform and Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs: Coverage Is Not Enough. (2009). [Issue brief].
What Do Children with Special Health Care Needs Require from Health Care Reform? (2009). [Issue brief].
- Center
for Children and Families (CCF): Health Care
Reform. Fact sheets, issue briefs,
and a blog about health
reform activities as they relate to children
and their families. Also offers health
reform implementation resources for states.
Resources include
Summary of Medicaid, CHIP, and Low-Income Provisions in Health Care Reform. (March 2010). [Fact sheet].
- Childrens
Defense Fund (CDF): Health Reform Implementation. Information about what the legislation means for children and young adults and an implementation timeline that shows when important provisions for children and families will go into effect. Includes information about children's health coverage in each state including data on the uninsured,
those enrolled in Medicaid and CHIP, income
eligibility, and enrollment procedures. Materials
include
Who Are the Uninsured Children, 2008: Profile of America's Uninsured Children. (2009). [Fact sheet].
- Commonwealth
Fund: Health Reform Resources. Reports,
charts, webinars, podcasts, a newsletter,
and a blog on
health reform topics that include health system
reform, expanding access, payment reform, and
quality improvement efforts. See the Health Reform Resource Center to view a timeline of the Affordable Care Act's major provisions and use the
Find Health Reform Provisions tool to search
for summaries of specific provisions by year,
category, and/or stakeholder group. Also link
to the full-text
of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care
Act and the Health Care and Education Affordability
Reconciliation Act of 2010.
- First
Focus: Making Children and Families the Priority.
Reports, public opinion research, and advocacy
tools about protecting the needs of children
in national health reform. First Focus is a
bipartisan advocacy organization that is committed
to making children and families a priority
in federal policy and budget decisions. Also
see ChildrensBudget.org.
- Kaiser
Family Foundation (KFF): Health Reform.
Issue briefs and in-depth analysis, data, testimony,
public opinion polls, news headlines, and multimedia
tools about health reform. Includes fact sheets,
reports, and interactive maps that describe
state health reform initiatives. Also see Kaiser
Health News and the KaiserEDU.org collection
of online tutorials and resources for faculty
and students about health
reform.
- Fox HB, McManus MA. 2009. Health
Reform and Adolescents. Washington, DC: National
Alliance to Advance Adolescent Health. This
issue brief examines the health care needs of
adolescents and the financing and delivery system
shortcomings that affect their access to appropriate
care. The brief urges Congress to consider coverage
expansions under Medicaid and CHIP, benefit and
payment improvements, grant programs to support
interdisciplinary models of primary care, and
funds to improve training for adolescent health
providers.
- Also see the Alliance
for Health Reform and its issue brief, Future
of Children's Health Coverage (2010).
- Center
for Children and Families (CCF): State Resource
Center. Outreach and enrollment tools,
strategies, research, and examples for states.
Recent publications include
Express Lane Eligibility: New Options Under CHIPRA. (2010). [Issue brief].
Improving Enrollment and Retention in Medicaid and CHIP: Federal Options for a Changing Landscape. (2009). [Report].
- Center
on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP): Start
Healthy, Stay Healthy Campaign. Information
about and materials for this national outreach
effort to identify children and adolescents
from working families with low incomes who
may be eligible for free or low-cost health
insurance programs. The campaign also promotes
coordination between state child health programs
and Medicaid to ensure that children and adolescents
are not in danger of being left without coverage.
View CBPP's links to
state Medicaid and CHIP applications and tables on
state eligibility rules, enrollment and renewal
procedures, and cost-sharing practices in Medicaid
and CHIP.
- Children's
Partnership: E-Enrollment and Express Lane
Eligibility. Information for and
about state Medicaid and CHIP programs that
streamline enrollment and automate renewal.
Includes an implementation toolkit, reports,
presentations, fact sheets, forms and other
administrative documents, and a newsletter.
- Insure
Kids Now: Outreach and Enrollment.
Information about grants for outreach, enrollment,
and retention; webinars about outreach; and
an outreach toolkit. Recent resources include
CHIPRA One Year Later: Connecting Kids to Coverage. (2010). [Report].
Summary of Focus Group Research on Children's Health Insurance Programs. (2009). [Report].
- Kaiser
Family Foundation (KFF).
Building an Express Lane Eligibility Initiative: A Roadmap of Key Decisions for States. (2010). [Issue brief].
CHIP Enrollment: June 2008 Data Snapshot. (2009). [Report].
Express Lane Eligibility Efforts: Lessons Learned from Early State Cross-Program Enrollment Initiatives. (2009). [Issue brief].
Medicaid Enrollment in the 50 States: December 2008 Data Update. (2010). [Report].
Why Express Lane Eligibility Makes Sense for States and Low-Income Families. (2009). [Issue brief].
- National
Academy for State Health Policy (NASHP): Maximizing
Enrollment. Information about
this program to increase enrollment and retention
of eligible children into Medicaid and CHIP
programs and to establish and promote best
practices among states. A selection of recent
resources includes
Maximizing Enrollment for Kids: Results from a Diagnostic Assessment of Enrollment and Retention in Eight States. (2010). [Report]. View separate reports for each of the eight states.
Maximizing Kids' Enrollment in Medicaid and SCHIP: What Works in Reaching, Enrolling and Retaining Eligible Children. (2009). [Report].
- Urban
Institute (UI): Health Policy Center.
Express Lane Eligibility and Beyond: How Automated Enrollment Can Help Eligible Children Receive Medicaid and CHIP. (2009). [Report].
Nine in Ten: Using the Tax System to Enroll Eligible, Uninsured Children into Medicaid and SCHIP. (2009). [Report].
Progress Enrolling Children in Medicaid/CHIP: Who Is Left and What Are the Prospects for Covering More Children? (rev. ed.). (2009). [Policy brief].
Public Coverage Versus No Coverage for Children: Perceptions and Experiences. (2009). [Report].
- Brellochs C, King KF, Vanneman
M, Lief A, Fryer GF, Aguayo S, Cadogan M, Platt
R, Barbot O. 2009. The
Access to Coverage and Care Project: An Analysis
of Health Insurance Enrollment and Retention and
Students in Selected NYC Public Schools. New
York, NY: New
York City Human Resources Administration. This
report focuses on a demonstration project to address
how to both decrease the number of uninsured children
in New York City and improve continuity of coverage
for those already enrolled in public insurance.
- Cousineau MR, Stevens GD, Farias
AJ. 2009. Trends
in Child Enrollment in California's Public Health
Insurance Programs. Minneapolis, MN: State
Health Access Data Assistance Center (SHADAC).
This issue brief examines the effectiveness of
outreach and enrollment strategies used in California
to expand enrollment and retain participants.
- Hoag S, Uzoigwe C. 2008. Improving
Public Coverage for Children: Lessons From CKF
in Washington. Princeton, NJ: Robert
Wood Johnson Foundation. This issue brief
describes the work and lessons learned from the
Covering Kids and Families (CKF) project in Washington
to increase enrollment and retention in Medicaid
and SCHIP.
- Idala D, Roddy T, Milligan C, Sommers
A, Boddie-Willis C, Clark A, Dorn S. 2009. Using
Information from Income Tax Forms to Target Medicaid
and CHIP Outreach: Preliminary Results of the Maryland
Kids First Act. Minneapolis, MN: State Health
Access Data Assistance Center (SHADAC). This issue
brief documents Maryland's early experience using
tax information to identify children who are Medicaid/CHIP
eligible. Also see SHADAC's webinar, Using
Income Tax Information to Target Medicaid and CHIP
Outreach. (2010). [Webinar].
- Rosenbaum S. 2008. Medicaid
Portability in the Context of Oral Health Care
for Head Start–Enrolled Children in Migrant
Farmworker Families. Washington, DC: School
of Public Health and Health Services, George
Washington University. This analysis examines
opportunities and challenges in addressing Medicaid
eligibility and enrollment for children in Migrant
and Seasonal Head Start programs.
- Santoro K, Murphy B, Pirani H.
2009. Increasing
Access to Health Insurance for Children and Families:
Innovative Health Plan Outreach and Enrollment
Efforts. Washington, DC: National Institute
for Health Care Management Research and Educational
Foundation. This issue brief examines health plan
efforts to increase enrollment in Medicaid and
CHIP as well as to create and market affordable
private insurance coverage options.
- Also see the AcademyHealth report, State
of the States 2010: The State We're In (2010),
and the MCH Library bibliography, Outreach
Programs and Strategies.
- See the MCH Library family resource brief Health Insurance and Access to Care for Kids and Teens.
Resources for Schools
- See the MCH Library school resource brief School-Based and School-Linked Care
- Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs knowledge path, family resource brief, school resource brief
- Community Services Locator: An Online Directory for Finding Community Services for Children and Families knowledge path
- Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment (EPSDT) Services in Medicaid knowledge path, family resource brief
- Emotional, Behavioral, and Mental Health Challenges in Children and Adolescents knowledge path, family resource brief, school resource brief
- Oral Health for Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Pregnant Women knowledge path, family resource brief, school resource brief
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health knowledge path, family resource brief
Health Insurance and Access to Care for Children and
Adolescents: Knowledge Path, 6th ed. (June 2010). (Updated: September 2011).
Author: Susan Brune Lorenzo, M.L.S., MCH Library.
Reviewers: Beth Dworetzky, M.S., Massachusetts Family Voices and Massachusetts
Family-to-Family Health Information Center; Rochelle Mayer, Ed.D., National Center
for Education in Maternal and Child Health; Margaret McManus, M.H.S., National
Alliance to Advance Adolescent Health.
Editor: Ruth Barzel, M.A., MCH Library.
