Introduction

This knowledge path about diabetes in children and adolescents has been compiled by the MCH Library at Georgetown University. It offers a selection of current, high-quality resources for professionals (health professionals, program administrators, and researchers) about diabetes prevalence, diagnosis, management, type 2 diabetes prevention, and pediatric diabetes research. Separate sections present resources about medications and monitoring and nutrition. Separate briefs point to resources for families and schools. This knowledge path will be updated regularly.

Overview

See Overview of Diabetes in Children and Adolescents, rev. ed. (2011). This fact sheet from the National Diabetes Education Program describes types of diabetes; prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and management of diabetes in children and adolescents; monitoring complications; visiting the health care team; helping children and adolescents manage diabetes; and type 2 diabetes prevention strategies.

Resources for Professionals

Websites

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Provides evidence-based information on health care outcomes; quality; and cost, use, and access. Links to evidence reports and research findings about children and adolescents with diabetes. Presents a collection of tools for states to assess the quality of diabetes care and create quality-improvement strategies. Offers access to the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), the National Guideline Clearinghouse, and the National Quality Measures Clearinghouse.
  
  
• American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE). Presents practice documents, education programs and webinars, and research and meeting information for diabetes educators.
  
  
• American Diabetes Association (ADA): Professional Resources Online. Presents practice guidelines; conference and continuing-education information, materials, and webcasts; a research database; consumer-education tools, including posters about children and type 2 diabetes; and several electronic newsletters.
  
  
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Offers resources and initiatives about diabetes in children and adolescents that include
  
  Diabetes Public Health Resource. Offers conference and program information, including information about state-based diabetes prevention and control programs and information about diabetes projects that focus on specific geographic areas or populations. Includes data, Spanish-language resources, and diabetes-related news.
  
  Guide to Community Preventive Services: Diabetes Prevention and Control. Contains recommendations for selected population-based interventions addressing diabetes prevention and control that focus on health-care-system interventions and self-management education.
  
  
• Healthy People 2020. Information about this national health-promotion and disease-prevention initiative of the Department of Health and Human Services. View the overview, objectives, and recommended interventions and resources for diabetes.
  
  
• Indian Health Service (IHS): Division of Diabetes Treatment and Prevention. Provides program, grants, and training information and resources about preventing and controlling diabetes in American Indians and Alaska Natives. Offers a set of best practice approaches for diabetes treatment and prevention.
  
  
• Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF). Presents resources about research leading to a cure for type 1 diabetes, including abstracts of JDRF-funded research; grant information and applications; electronic newsletters; and information about new treatments, clinical trials, and JDRF-funded research centers and initiatives.
  
  
• National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP). Presents clinical practice tools, patient-education materials, and an electronic newsletter about diabetes prevention and management. Offers a set of slides with U.S. diabetes prevalence and incidence rates broken down by age, gender, and race and ethnicity. NDEP is a joint effort between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Resources include
  
  Making Systems Changes for Better Diabetes Care. Provides models and tools to help health professionals improve diabetes prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
  
  
• National Disease Research Interchange (NDRI): Human Biological Data Interchange. Presents information about this initiative to collect medical history and genealogical data on over 6,700 families who are affected by type 1 diabetes and to maintain a repository of DNA and immortalized cell lines collected from 500 families. The database and repository are available to help researchers uncover the genetic causes of type 1 diabetes and to study type 2 diabetes, diabetic complications, autoimmune diseases, kidney disease, and other disorders. NDRI is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
  
  
• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK): Diabetes Research. Presents information about diabetes research funded by NIDDK, including clinical research, diabetes research centers, committees and advisory groups, and conferences.
  
  
• SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth. Describes this multi-center study focusing on children and adolescents with diabetes in the United States. The study aims to examine diabetes prevalence, how type 1 and type 2 diabetes differ, diabetes complications, types of care and treatment available, and quality-of-life issues. Includes contact information for the six clinical centers participating in the study. SEARCH is funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).
  

Additional Electronic Publications

• Cauchi R, Chung Y, Thangasamy A. 2009. Providing Diabetes Health Coverage: State Laws and Programs (rev. ed). Washington, DC: National Conference of State Legislatures. [Report].
  
  
• Gold MR, Briefel R. 2007. Study of Federal Spending on Diabetes: An Opportunity for Change. Washington, DC: Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. [Report].
  

Databases

See the following set of MCH Library resource briefs to identify additional data and statistics, literature and research, and programs about diabetes in children and adolescents.

• Maternal and Child Health Data and Statistics
• Maternal and Child Health Literature and Research Databases
• Maternal and Child Health Programs Databases
  

Electronic Newsletters

• American Diabetes Association (ADA): Diabetes eNewsletters. Offers a collection of electronic newsletters for diabetes news, events, book information, and advocacy. One weekly newsletter is tailored for health care professionals.
  
  
• Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF). Presents two electronic newsletters about research on type 1 diabetes: Research Frontline and Emerging Technologies in Diabetes Research.
  
  
• National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP): News & Notes. This monthly electronic newsletter offers information about new products and activities from NDEP.
  

Resources for Families

• See the MCH Library family resource brief Diabetes in Kids and Teens.
  

Resources for Schools

• See the MCH Library school resource brief Diabetes.
  

Resources on Specific Aspects of Diabetes Care

• Medications and Monitoring
• Nutrition

Medications and Monitoring

• American Diabetes Association (ADA): Treatment and Care. Presents information for families about blood glucose control; insulin, other injectable medications, and oral medication; transplantation, including islet cell transplants; emergency preparedness; flu and pneumonia shots; and working with the health care team.
  
  
• Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Contains information about medical devices, including glucose testing devices, and drug products. Also provides news about product approvals, safety, and recalls.
  
  
• KidsHealth Diabetes Center: Medications and Monitoring. Presents information in English and Spanish for parents, teens, and kids about the importance of diabetes control, helping kids deal with injections and blood tests, how to give an insulin injection, medicines for diabetes, and monitoring blood sugar. Includes a blood glucose record.
  
  
• MedlinePlus: Diabetes Medicines. Links to information about diabetes medicines in English, Spanish, and several other languages. Also see MedlinePlus: Islet Cell Transplantation.
  
  
• See the MCH Library resource brief Medications.
  

Nutrition

• AGRICOLA (AGRICultural OnLine Access). Contains bibliographic information for agricultural literature including many child and adolescent nutrition publications. AGRICOLA is organized into two data sets (books and journal articles). To identify books or articles on the topic, click on Keyword Search. Enter the term, diabetes. In the next row, enter children adolescents and select "any of these" and "Keyword Anywhere" in the two fields to the right. Click on Search. AGRICOLA is a service of the National Agricultural Library (NAL).
  
  
• American Diabetes Association (ADA): MyFoodAdvisor. Presents a calorie and carbohydrate counting tool that can help with diabetes management and nutrition.
  
  
• KidsHealth Diabetes Center: Diabetes and Nutrition. Presents information in English and Spanish for parents, teens, and kids about carbohydrates, sugar, eating out, meal plans, and weight management. Includes a food diary and recipes.
  
  
• National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Lists the nutrients for more than 7,000 food items. Each item can be found in any one of 23 food-group categories. A portion-modifier option is also included. The database is a service of the Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) at the Agricultural Research Service (ARS).
  
  
• Also see the National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP) bilingual tip sheet, Tips for Teens with Diabetes: Make Healthy Food Choices/Consejos Para Jóvenes Con Diabetes: Come Alimentos Saludables (2009).
  
  
• Also see the knowledge paths, Nutrition in Children and Adolescents and Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents.
  

Related MCH Library Resources

• Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs knowledge path, family resource brief, school resource brief
• Community Services Locator: An Online Directory for Finding Community Services for Children and Families knowledge path
• Health Insurance and Access to Care for Children and Adolescents knowledge path, family resource brief
• Medications resource brief
• Nutrition in Children and Adolescents knowledge path, family resource brief, school resource brief
• Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents knowledge path, family resource brief, school resource brief
• Physical Activity and Children and Adolescents knowledge path, family resource brief, school resource brief

Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: Knowledge Path, 3rd ed. (December 2009). (Updated: January 2013).
Author: Susan Brune Lorenzo, M.L.S., MCH Library.
Reviewers: Amanda Carlton, R.N., Family for Keeps™ Transition Care Program, Dream House for Medically Fragile Children, Inc.; Malcolm Hill, M.D., Pediatrician; Jon Jantz, M.D., Pediatrician; Tina Lavy, M.S., I.B.C.L.C., Sutter County Women, Infants and Children Program; Olivia K. Pickett, M.A., M.L.S., MCH Library; Virginia Smith, R.D., M.A., C.D.E., Leadership Education in Adolescent Health program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children.
Editor: Ruth Barzel, M.A., MCH Library.